eng
International Journal of Medical Investigation
International Journal of Medical Investigation
2322-2913
2345-640x
2018-06
7
2
1
6
article
Investigation of Fluoride Concentrations in Some Bottled Water in Iran
Reza Sadeghnezhad
1
Zohre Sadeghnezhad
2
Seyedeh Saeede Kadkhodazade Khorasani
3
Azita Sadeghnezhad
4
Student of Environmental Health Engineering, student research committee, Faculty of Health, Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran university of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran university of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Student of Laboratory Science, Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
MS Student of Urban Environment, Faculty of Humanities, Payam Noor university, Babol, Iran.
Nowadays, the use of bottled water has considerably increased due to especially safety. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the amount of fluoride in some bottled water consumed in the cities of Iran This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2017. In this study, 10 samples from several Brands of bottled Water were analyzed. The results showed that the minimum and maximum fluoride content in bottled water were 0.03 and 0.85 as mg/l, respectively. All samples had fluoride less than the standard values, there was a significant difference between the fluoride content of the bottled water and the average fluoride content based on the maximum average air temperature of the central cities of Iran and the standards of WHO and Iran. The manned fluoride was less than the Iranian standard and the world. Therefore, It is recommended to add or set fluoride in bottled water for preventing of dental caries.
http://intjmi.com/article-1-313-en.pdf
Fluoride
Bottled water
Iran.
eng
International Journal of Medical Investigation
International Journal of Medical Investigation
2322-2913
2345-640x
2018-06
7
2
7
15
article
Mechanisms of Traumatic Injuries in Multiple Trauma Patients
Farzad Bozorgi
1
Ali Mirabi
2
Aroona Chabra
3
Reza Mirabi
4
Seyed-Mohammad Hosseininejad
5
Hooman Zaheri
6
Assistant Professor, Emergency Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Introduction: Trauma is a major cause of mortality and disability all over the world and causes more than 50 million deaths each year. Traumatic damages are increasing rapidly in a way that the world health organization states that traffic road injuries are going to be the third global cause of death and disability until 2020. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the number and anatomical region of injury with the mechanism of trauma in multiple trauma patients. Method: This cross-sectional study was performed on multiple trauma patients referred to Emergency Center of Imam Hospital in a sari. Demographic information and variables such as the mechanism of trauma, the number and anatomical region of injury were collected and recorded. Data were analyzed statistically using SPSS version 20. Findings: 220 patients with average age 38.59±21.03 were included in this study. 158 individuals were male (71.8%) and 62 individuals were female (28.2%). The average age of males and females was 37.92±18.99 and 40.29±25.94 respectively. The most frequently observed trauma cases were in the age group of 21 to 30. The most frequent causes of trauma were the car to a car accident (44.5%), falling down from height (20%) and motor to a car accident (14.5%) that consist of 79% total traumatic injuries. Motor to car accident and conflicts were significantly higher in men than women (P<0.004 and P<0.021 respectively). The most frequent injury to one anatomical region was head and neck (23.6%) and thoracic (16.4%) respectively. Head, neck and thoracic injuries were occurred in 46.76% and 39% patients respectively alone or with another anatomical region of injuries. Conclusion: Findings of this study indicate that car to a car accident is the most common mechanism of trauma and on the other hand the most common anatomical region of injury is head and neck. Individuals in the age group 21-30 are more at the risk of traumatic injuries. By considering the high frequency of traffic accidents as the leading cause of traumatic injuries, major reforms in traffic and transportation should be done to improve the structures related to traffic administrations and promoting the transplantation status.
http://intjmi.com/article-1-314-en.pdf
Multiple Trauma
Mechanism Of Trauma
Injury
eng
International Journal of Medical Investigation
International Journal of Medical Investigation
2322-2913
2345-640x
2018-06
7
2
16
20
article
Ethylene Glycol Induced Calcium Oxalate Crystals and Oxidative Damage of Renal cells
Mohammadreza Ebadzadeh
1
Sharyar Dabiri
2
Mohammad Khaksari
3
Seyed Jamiladin Fatemi
4
Rayka Sharifian
5
Fetemeh Ghanbarpour
6
Nasrin Partovi
7
Assistant Professor of Urology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Professor of Pathology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Professor of physiology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Professor of chemistry, Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran.
Resident of Urology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Resident of Pathology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Department of chemistry, Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
Introduction: : Urolithiasis is one of common renal disease that attributed to multiple factors. In other hand, calcium oxalate is the most common urine lithiasis and urinary calcium and oxalate oversaturation are both important to calcium oxalate stone formation. The percent study was undertaken to examine the possible role of oxidative stress and cell injury in stone formation. Method: In this research 12 rats with average weight of (200-250) ±6 grams in two groups, accidentally were chosen. Stone group animals consume ethylene glycol 0.75% and ammonium chloride 1% for three days and then ethylene glycol 0.75% for 25 days to create stones in their kidneys. Control group rats maintained on regular food and drinking for 28 days. The status of oxidative stress induced by Calcium oxalate was evaluated by malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase in renal tissue. Findings: In present study, the body weight gain was small in stone group compare control group but kidney weight increased significantly. Many crystals deposit of Caox were seen in all regions of renal tubules in stone group. Calcium excretion increased after stone formation but magnesium decreased significantly. Urinary creatinine content was higher in control group. The serum creatinine, urea and uric acid were remarkably increased in urolithiasis induced group compare with control group. Superoxide dismutase activity decreased significantly in stone groups but MDA production increased in stone group when compare with control group. Conclusion: Our results indicate that ethylene glycol produces oxidative stress in the kidneys as shown by increased tissue MDA significantly. The antioxidant agents like vitamins and etc. can reverse these defective cycles properly.
http://intjmi.com/article-1-315-en.pdf
Urolithiasis
Calcium Oxalate
Malondialdehyde
Superoxide Dismutase
eng
International Journal of Medical Investigation
International Journal of Medical Investigation
2322-2913
2345-640x
2018-06
7
2
21
29
article
Comparison of Complications and the Rate of Success of Central Venous Catheters with Ultrasound Guidance or Conventional Methods in Emergency Department
Seyyed Hosein Montazar
1
Fatemeh Jahanian
2
Seyed Mohammad Hosseininejad
3
Hamed Amini Ahidashti
4
Farzad Bozorgi
5
Iraj Goli Khatir
6
Hamid Reza Omrani
7
Departemant of Emergency Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Departemant of Emergency Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Departemant of Emergency Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Departemant of Emergency Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Departemant of Emergency Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Departemant of Emergency Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Departemant of Emergency Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Introduction: This study compares Complications and the Rate of Success on the catheterization by ultrasound and Conventional method in emergency department. Methods: This is a descriptive and analytical study. The statistical population of the study is all patients who referred to the Emergency Department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari and require central venous catheter placement through internal jugular vein. Findings: The patients participated in the study consisted of 200 cases, 100 patients in the ultrasound group and 100 cases in the conventional group who underwent intravenous catheterization. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of gender and age. The most common reasons for catheterization were shock, MT and ESRD. The number of attempts to catheterize by ultrasound was significantly lower than the conventional method (P <0.0001). The mean pain intensity in the ultrasound group was significantly lower than the control group (P = 0.006). Statistical analysis indicated that the likelihood of complications in the conventional method is 2.91 times that of ultrasound (OR: 2.91, 95% CI: 1.63-5.17, P <0.0001). Although the success rate in ultrasound was approximately 4.26 times the conventional method, this difference was not statistically significant (OR: 4.26, 95% CI: 0.88-20.59, P = 0.052). Conclusion: As suggested by the results of the study, the incidence of complications in the use of ultrasound during catheterization is significantly reduced, and the number of attempts to catheterize and the patient's pain are reduced, which increases the patient's satisfaction.
http://intjmi.com/article-1-316-en.pdf
Central Venous Catheterization
Ultrasound
Complications.
eng
International Journal of Medical Investigation
International Journal of Medical Investigation
2322-2913
2345-640x
2018-06
7
2
30
38
article
Gram Positive Bacterial Profile, On Computer Keyboards and Mice in Qassim University and Efficacy of Disinfectants to Eliminate Contamination
Seham Al-Otaibi
1
Sarah Ali
2
Syed Raziur Rahman
3
Bachelor. Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, AlQassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Assistant Professor Microbiology, Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, AlQassim.Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Medical Director, Al-Shigah PHC. Buraidah, Al Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Introduction: Computers are ubiquitous and have been shown to be contaminated with multiple bacteria’s in some communities. There is no economical way to test all the keyboards and mice out there, but there are effective ways to prevent bacterial contamination or eliminate it if it exists. Method: This was an observational study using the cross-sectional study design. Swab specimens were collected from surfaces of 43 computer keyboards and mice from Computer college ,Business college ,PYP and Library and plated on different bacteriological media. Organisms growing on the media were purified and identified at Qassim University Department Of Applied Medical Sciences Microbiology Laboratory by using gram stain and various biochemical tests. The second phase of sample collection done by collection of samples before and after the use of DETTOL, COLROX and DAC. It was found that all the tested computer keyboards and mice devices, were positive for gram positive bacterial contamination , and the data was analyzed using excel software. Recommendations were developed to create awareness among the students and staff of Qassim University, who used the computers during their study time. Findings: It was found that all the tested computer keyboards and mice devices, from Computer college and Business college , PreparatoryYear Program and Library, were positive for microbial contamination. The percentages of isolated bacterial species (Staph CoN, Staph aureus, Micrococci, streptococci and Bacillus) were 46.51 %, 6.97%, 4.65%, 2.32%, and 41.8 from all colleges respectively. The average of percent of colonies reduction for DETTOL, CLOROX and DAC were (90%, 80%, and 51%). Conclusion: Isolated bacterial species (Staph CoN, Staph aureus, Micrococci, Streptococci and Bacillus) were 46.51 %, 6.97%, 4.65%, 2.32%, 41.8 from all colleges respectively. Most effective disinfectants DETTOL(90%), CLOROX(80%) and DAC(51%).On the basis of these findings, it is suggested that routine cleaning of keyboards and mice may aid the fight against the contamination. Also, hand washing before and after contact with keyboards and mice should be practiced to significantly reduce the contamination.
http://intjmi.com/article-1-321-en.pdf
Gram positive
Computer’s keyboards (CK)
Computer’s mouse (CM)
Dettol
Chlorox
DAC
eng
International Journal of Medical Investigation
International Journal of Medical Investigation
2322-2913
2345-640x
2018-06
7
2
39
46
article
Incidence of Pericardial Effusion Post Pericardiotomy Diagnosis, Intervention and Treatment
Moh,Harbe Khassawneh
1
Zyad Abdelrazzaq Alfawaeer
2
Dawood Moh,D Attallah
3
Surgery fellowship, Department of cardiac Surgery, Amman, Jordan, queen alia heart institute.
Intervention cardiologist specialist, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Amman, Jordan queen alia heart institute
Intervention cardiologist specialist, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Amman, Jordan queen alia heart institute
Introduction: Pericardial effusion is the presence of an abnormal amount of and/or an abnormal character to fluid in the pericardial space. It can be caused by a variety of local and systemic disorders, or it may be idiopathic. The objectives of this study were to review recent experience at our institution in the management of pericardial effusion, to determine modalities and outcomes of treatment The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of early and late (>30 days) development of pericardial effusion. Between April 2015 and April 2017. Method: pericardial effusion occurrence was assessed in 358 adult who underwent cardiac surgery for (CABG, valvular surgery, or combined of both) by serial echocardiography. Findings: The prevalence of PE was about 3% for all cardiac surgeries. Symptoms Clinical manifestations were observed and response to different therapies was analyzed. 358 patients with a mean age of 60.4 ± 9.2 years undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting alone or combined with valve surgery. Large pericardial effusions develop in 30% of patients after cardiac surgery, and reach their maximum size after 10 days, with tamponade in 0.1%. Conclusion: In our analysis, pericardial effusion occurred in 3% of patients, and symptoms were nonspecific. Several factors, mainly related to preoperative characteristics and type of operation, predispose patients to effusion. Echocardiography-guided pericardiocentesis is effective and safe in these patient.
http://intjmi.com/article-1-322-en.pdf
pericardial tamponad
Pericardial Effusion
chest X-ray
Echocardiograph.
eng
International Journal of Medical Investigation
International Journal of Medical Investigation
2322-2913
2345-640x
2018-06
7
2
47
50
article
Tuberculosis of Tunica Vaginalis: a Case Report
Narges Najafi
1
Lotfollah Davoodi
2
Reza Mirabi
3
Mohammad Mahmoodbabooe
4
Nabi Tarjani
5
Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Abstract: Isolated Tuberculosis (TB) occurring in tunica vaginalis (TV) without renal or prostate involvement is extremely rare. We reported a 33-year-old man of genital tuberculosis occurring in TV presenting as acute hydrocoele.
http://intjmi.com/article-1-323-en.pdf
Tuberculosis
Tunica vaginalis.