@article{ author = {Aliasgharpour, Mehri and Miraliyari, Fatemeh}, title = {Homocysteine and Folic Acid Prescription Effects on Cardiovascular Diseases}, abstract ={Introduction: Homocysteine, is a sulfhydryl-containing amino acid that is typically present in very small amounts in all cells of the body.  Many investigations have indicated hyperhomocystenemia as a risk factor, which is correlated with complications such as atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and stroke. The aim of the present work was to review different studies for   the lowering effect/s of folic acid supplementation on plasma homocysteine levels. Methods: An academic search was conducted in  number of electronic databases such as EMBASE, PubMed, and etc. for the  key words; homocysteine , vitamin B12 , vitamin B6 , folic acid (vitamin B9)  and cardiovascular diseases  during years 2004 to  2018. Findings: Review of the selected papers indicated that increased homocysteine levels as a risk marker for cardiovascular diseases, is associated with atheriosclerotic outcomes. In addition, it is considered   a higher risk of coronary artery disease in patients with chronic renal dysfunction. In apparent contrast, however, another study indicated  no risk reduction  in homocysteine-lowering trials based on prescription of folic acid and concluded that intake of high amounts of folic acid may be beneficial via the homocysteine lowering, but may also be harmful via destabilization the atherosclerotic plaque. Conclusion: The authors conclude uncertainty of whether or not folic acid means of homocysteine lowering forms of therapy will reduce the risk of CVD remains a main focus of future research works.}, Keywords = {Homocysteine, Methionine, Cysteine, Atheriosclerosis, Cardiovascular Disease.}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {1-4}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-345-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-345-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Haghighat, Shila and Zabihi, Zohre and Khosrawi, Saei}, title = {Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy with Wrist Splinting on Outcome of Patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome; A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial}, abstract ={Introduction: To determine the long-term effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on clinical symptoms and electrophysiological parameters of patients with mild and moderate carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted during a 1-year period in January 2015 to January 2016 in outpatient clinics of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. This study is registered with Iranian Clinical Trial Registry (IRCT20120716010297N5). We included 61 hands with mild and moderate CTS from both genders with an age range of 30 to 65 years. The hands were randomly assigned to receive LLLT and night wrist splint (n=31) or sham laser therapy and night wrist splint (n=30).  Symptoms severity scores (SSS), functional severity score (FSS), visual analogue scale (VAS) and nerve conductive study (NCS) parameters using electrodiagnostic equipment were evaluated based on clinical parameters (Phalen’s and Tinel tests) at 6 months after treatment. Findings: The baseline characteristics were comparable between two study groups. The VAS, SSS, FSS, peak sensory latency and distal motor latency decreased significantly in both study group after 6 months of intervention. We found that those receiving LLLT had significantly lower VAS (p=0.001), SSS (p<0.001) and FSS (p<0.001) compared to sham laser therapy after 6 months of follow-up.  In the same way, those in LLLT group had significantly lower values of peak sensory latency compared to sham group (p<0.001). Those receiving LLLT had significantly higher decrease in mean values of VAS (p=0.032), SSS (p=0.021), FSS (p=0.002) and distal motor latency (p<0.001) when compared to those in sham group. However, the decrease in mean differences of peak sensory latency was comparable between two study groups. Conclusion: LLLT is associated with improved pain, symptoms, function and sensory evoked potentials after 6 months in patients with mild to moderate CTS. }, Keywords = {Low-Level Laser Therapy, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS), Wrist Splint, Outcome }, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {5-14}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-346-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-346-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Bozorgi, Farzad and Laali, Abolghasem and Khademloo, Mohammad and Ehteshami, Sara and Assadi, Touraj and Pashaie, Seyed Masuome and Sazgar, Mohamm}, title = {Incidence and Risk Factors of Workplace Violence against Pre Hospital Staffs in Mazandaran; North of Iran}, abstract ={Introduction: Ambulance personnel are often the first people to encounter patients needing emergency care. As they are the first healthcare systems who interface the patients and their relatives so they are susceptible to threat reactions and violence. Therefore unclearness of the threats nature against the ambulance staff and also their frequencies was the purpose of current study. Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study which was carried out in the primary health care centers in Mazandaran University of medical sciences from January 2016 to august 2017. All   nurses available during the field work of the study in the primary health care centers (157 persons) were enrolled this study. The tool for data collection was a self-administered questionnaire. Data were imported to the SPSS v19 for both data analysis and tabular presentation. Findings: 57 of respondents (35.2%) experienced physical violence. 110 (67.9%) of the personnel had been exposed to forms of verbal aggression. There was a significant relationship between the patient’s age and occurrence of both verbal aggression and physical violence (P=0.067) and patients who were younger had more aggressive behavior (P=0.083). But there was not significant relationship between the site of staff duty and aggressions. No incidence of racial or sexual aggression was found in our study. The results regard to coping with the violence was “inviting to calm” in more than half of cases 64 of 113 (56.6%). Conclusion: This study shows that threats and violence are a frequently occurring work-place problem within ambulance services.}, Keywords = {Pre Hospital Staff, Violence, Threats}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {15-20}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-347-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-347-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {AhangarAtashi, Mohammad Hossein and Khosravi, Setareh and Goshaderoo, Aziz and Goshaderoo, Abbas}, title = {Clinical Bonding Durability Assessment of Rebonded Brackets considering ARI Score}, abstract ={Introduction: Debonding is known as one of the main problems in orthodontics. Rebonding these brackets require clinical chair time and is a nuisance and costly process in the course of orthodontic treatment. Clinical bonding durability of new brackets in comparison with rebonded brackets with different Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) scores has been investigated in this study. Methods: The subjects of this study consisted of 76 debonded brackets of maxillary first and second premolars. According to ARI scoring after debonding, brackets were divided into two groups. 27 debonded brackets with composite residual value (ARI) greater than or equal to 90% were assigned to group A (ARI≥4) and 28 brackets to group B (ARI≤2) with a composite residual value less than or equal to 10%. The third group was used as a control group in which 21 new brackets were used. Findings: Similar bonding durability time was recorded in group A (ARI≥4) and group C (new brackets) which was significantly higher than of group B (ARI≤2). Conclusion: Debonded brackets with high ARI score (ARI≥4) and new brackets have the same performance on bonding durability. Therefore, a high ARI debonded bracket can be used instead of a new bracket for rebonding.}, Keywords = {Bonding Durability, ARI Score, Bracket Rebonding, Debonding}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {21-29}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-348-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-348-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Gholipour, Atiyeh and Ghorbanpour, Atiyeh and HeidariGorji, Ali Morad and BabaeiHatkehlouei, Mahdi}, title = {Investigating the Factors Affecting General Health among Staff of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences}, abstract ={Introduction: In light of the fact that physical and mental health disorder may lead to quantitative and qualitative decline in employee employment, paying attention to their mental and general health requirements is very important and vital. Therefore, this study is intended to address the factors affecting the general health of staff. Method: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the staff of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences was investigated using a multistage sampling method in 2017.The tool for collecting data was a two-section questionnaire including demographic data and GHQ-28 scale. Data was analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics. Data analysis was performed by SPSS software using independent t-test, one way ANOVA and Spearman correlation coefficient. Findings: Of 125 subjects studied, 64 percent of all staff at the University of Medical Sciences were suspected of having physical or mental disorders. General health has a direct relationship with the job status and physical activity. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference between the variables of age and work experience as well as the score of the subgroups of general health, while there was a significant difference between the total score of general health and educational level. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study showed that more than half of the employees are affected by some aspects of the physical and mental problems that this issue is of great importance. Paying attention to factors such as lack of physical activity, undesirable job status and occupational stress can probably have a significant role in improving the existing conditions.}, Keywords = {General Health, Staff, Job Improvement, Mental Health, }, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {30-36}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-349-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-349-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Banei, Majid and Karbasfroushan, Ali and Hesami, Mohammad Ali and Valizadeh, Rohollah and Fattahi, Samir}, title = {Frequency of Wound Infection after Appendectomy}, abstract ={Introduction: One of the risk factors for wound infection techniques, how and when to close the wound after surgery. Various methods have been proposed for closure this study, we studied the wound infection after appendectomy in 2015. Methods: This study was a descriptive study in general surgery ward of Imam Reza Hospital during 2014-2015. The study population of 208 patients who were divided with a clinical diagnosis. The patients in four time of the third, seventh days, one and three months after surgery were followed in the surgeon's office. Findings: In this study, 126 patients (60.7 %) were male and 81 patients (39.3%) were female. The overall average age was 10.53 ± 32.48 years. 4.9% of patient had infections and 95.1% had not infection. Conclusion: According to the results, the prevalence of wound infection after is not in high level and it is recommended to keep lower using the precious sterilization and good antibiotic therapy.}, Keywords = {Appendectomy, Infection, Wound, Appendix}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {37-41}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-350-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-350-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {EbrahimzadehHassanabadi, Mehran and Shakeri, Fatemeh and Eizadi, Zohreh and Yousefnezhad, Maedeh and Moaddabi, Amirhossei}, title = {Radiographic Assessment of the Prevalence of Pulp Stones in Iranian Population}, abstract ={Introduction: Pulp stones are separate calcified mass that we can observe in the dental pulp. The present study is conducted to evaluate the Incidence and Distribution of Pulp Stones Found in Radiographic Examination of Dental Patients in Sari. Methods: In total, 493 panoramic radiographs from patients attending the dental clinics of at Mazandaran University of Medical Science, from January 2017 to April 2018 were examined.  The sample composed of 164 male and 329 female with age range of 10-60 years. About 3235 teeth were evaluated. Associations of pulp stones with different tooth types, sex, upper or lower arc and the side were noted. Findings: The overall prevalence of pulp stones in the present population was found 15.21%. Females constituted 73.33% and males constituted 26.67%. No significant gender difference with the occurrence of pulp stones was observed. 37.14% was the incidence of pulp stones in left maxillary first molar which was considered to be the highest frequency compared to all other teeth. Conclusion: In conclusion, maxillary first molars had maximum number of pulp stones and patients in the age group from 20-30 years had more pulp stones than the others. All this information could be of help during endodontic procedures.}, Keywords = {Panoramic radiographs, Prevalence, Pulp stones, Iranian population}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {42-47}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-351-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-351-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {EbrahimzadehHassanabadi, Mehran and Eizadi, Zohreh and Yousefnezhad, Maedeh and Moaddabi2, Amirhossei}, title = {Prevalence and Pattern of Torus Mandibularis and Torus Palatinus among Iranian Population}, abstract ={Introduction: Torus palatinus (TP) and torus mandibularis (TM) are slow growing anatomical bony protuberances with unknown etiology seen on the alveolar surfaces of the maxilla and mandible. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, and shape of TP and TM in relation to age and sex in Iranian population. Methods: The present study included 613 subjects (458 men and 389 women) with mean age of 43.31±16.87 years. The subjects were examined for the existence of tori by clinical inspection and palpation. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0 software program. Findings: Among the 106 subjects with tori, 8 (7.55%) had either TP or TM. 41 (38.68%) subjects had TP, whereas 57 (53.77%) had TM. The maximum percentage of TP, TM, and either tori was observed in the age-group of 49–59 years, the oldest group (59 and older years age range), and the age-group 49-59 years. The percentage of females with tori was higher when compared to males, which is however not significant. According to shape, the occurrence of flat-shaped TP (41.46%) and bilateral solitary TM (42.11%) was more common. Conclusion: This study indicated that the prevalence of TP in Iranian population was 17.29%. No significant difference in the presence of tori with respect to sex and age was observed. According to the literature, flat TP and bilateral solitary TM were the most common type in our population.}, Keywords = {Torus palatinus, Torus mandibularis, Prevalence, Iranian population}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {48-56}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-357-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-357-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Golbabaei, Alireza and AghaeiMoghaddam, Ehsan and Majnoun, Mohammad Taghi and Mirabi, Ali}, title = {Fetal Coarctation of the Aorta Successfully Repaired in the Neonatal Period, a Case Report and Review of Literature}, abstract ={Coarctation of the aorta is one of the most difficult conditions to diagnose during fetal life witch affecting with a frequency of approximately 5-8% of live births with congenital heart disease. We would like to report a case of coarctation of the aorta diagnosed prenatally at 28 weeks’ gestation. There were evidences of right ventricular and atrial enlargements, significant aortic stenosis, antegrade and retrograde flow in proximal part of descending aorta at fetal echocardiography. Since it was not appropriate time for abortion, the pregnancy was monitored and continued to termination. Surgical relief of the aortic obstruction was done in the day 20 of birth. The neonate was surgically treated successfully. Prenatal diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta is potentially life-saving and can improve the outcomes of operative conditions in infants preparing for surgery. Early detection and surgically repair of Coarctation of the aorta can significantly improve survival rate of affected neonates.}, Keywords = {Coarctation Of The Aorta, Congenital Heart Disease, Fetal Echocardiography, Prenatal Diagnosis}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {57-63}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-352-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-352-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mehrvarz, Sara and Hamrah, Hadid and Golmoradi, Mehr}, title = {Acute Myeloblastic leukemia and Marfan syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review}, abstract ={A 22 –year-old male visited our center because of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) associated with Marfan syndrome (MFS). The diagnosis of MFS was based on clinical findings such as Ectopia lentis, Anurysmal Aoarta and systemic manifestations. Peripheral blood smear and bone marrow examination showed: AML.M3. We started chemotherapy regimen but unfortunately died by DIC in his hospitalization course.}, Keywords = {Acute myeloblastic leukemia, Marfan syndrome, case report}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {64-67}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-353-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-353-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {MalekzadehShafaroudi, Ali and Hali, Haleh}, title = {Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) As a Pulpotomy Agent in Developing Permanent Teeth: A Case Report}, abstract ={Introduction: Traumatic injuries or caries to developing permanent teeth may prevent the integrity of root maturation and finally result in pulp necrosis, vital pulp therapy (VPT) is a suitable treatment for these teeth.  This article describes a successful apexogenesis report of a nine year old boy with impact trauma to the mandibular left first molar which caused complicated crown fracture, pulp exposure and thereupon spontaneous pain. Methods: Cervical pulpotomy was performed and the remaining pulp was capped with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Afterwards the crown was restored using a stainless steel crown, the patient was followed up using radiographic images and clinical examinations 6 and 12 months after the treatment. Findings: The follow up documents indicated that the tooth maturation was completed, the apex was developed and a calcified barrier was formed right above the remaining vital pulp and no other endodontic treatments were needed. Conclusion: Regarding to the excellent healing potential of the immature vital pulp and using MTA as medicated filling matter, clinical and radiographic documents represent MTA as a successful pulpotomy agent in immature permanent teeth.}, Keywords = {Apexogenesis, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Open apex, Pulpotomy, Trauma}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {68-72}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-354-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-354-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Rahmani, Nasrin and Chavoshinejad, Mohammad and Behnamfar, Morteza and Mirabi, Ali and Karimifar, Keyvan and Shamshirian, Amir and Hessami, Amirhossein and Hashemi, Seyyed Abbas and Nazemi, Sina and Piranviseh, Ashk}, title = {Interstitial Incisional Hernia Following Appendectomy: a Case Report}, abstract ={Incisional herniation after appendectomy is a rare condition, occurring in less than 0.12% of operations for appendicitis. A 46-year-old woman referred with a hernia at the site of a McBurney incision with the history of Appendectomy for acute appendicitis 6 years ago. There was evidence of a long segment of the colon (possibly cecum), a significant increase in colon thickness and inflammatory changes in the abdominal wall, as well as in the mesenteric fat with possible adhesion as a fixed bowel loop in the place of the previous laparotomy. The diagnosis of interstitial incisional hernia was made and the patient was scheduled for the surgery. The patient had no complaints of pain after the operation, and in follow up courses, there was no recurrence of a hernia.}, Keywords = {Hernia, Appendectomy, Interstitial Incisional, Iran}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {73-76}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-355-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-355-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mehrvarz, Sara and Hamrah, Hadid and Takavar, Tah}, title = {Cerebral Venous Thrombosis and Crohn’s Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review}, abstract ={Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) can increase cerebral venous pressure leading to decrease cerebral perfusion; resulting in ischemic injury, parenchymal hemorrhage and vasogenic edema. The clinical manifestations of CVT are: headache (more common), vomiting, seizure, vertigo, ataxia and photophobia. In this paper we report a 19-year-old girl with Crohn’s disease. Our patient is a known case of Crohn’s disease for about 14 years and is suffered from hyper coagulopathy state.}, Keywords = {Cerebral Venous Thrombosis, Crohn’s Disease, case report}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {77-80}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-356-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-356-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} }