@article{ author = {Pakravan, Amirhosein and Bamdadian, Tahmine and Akbari, Pouya and Alimirzaei, Arash and Samiei, Ali and BabaeiHatkehloui, Mahdi and Taghian, Mahdi}, title = {Evaluation of the effects of anticoagulant drugs on the rate of bleeding of oral surgeries and warfarin alternatives}, abstract ={Introduction: Today, with advances in the treatment of cardiovascular patients such as intravascular stents, cardiac valves and intracavitary pacemakers and cardiac transplantation, many cardiovascular patients should use anticoagulants such as warfarin, aspirin, Plavix and Sosix, Ticlopidine and other drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of coagulation drugs on the rate of bleeding of oral surgeries and warfarin alternative. Methods: For access to studies on anticoagulant drugs and their effect on the bleeding of oral surgery in heart patients, the PUBMED, MEDLINE, MAGIRAN, SID, ELMNET and GOOGLE databases have been used since 1998 to 2015. Keywords include oral surgery, anticoagulants, warfarin, dentistry and bleeding. Findings: In the investigations done on the studied articles, it seems that patients with anticoagulant drugs that are supposed to undergo minor dental surgeries do not require discontinuation, dose reduction, or even control of coagulation factors and bleeding can only be controlled by local dental procedures such as suturing, mouthwash, gel sponge. And the risk of severe complications in case of warfarin interruption and thrombosis is more than uncontrolled bleeding from the teeth. There is also no need for alternative warfarin medicines. Conclusion: The hazard of severe complications in case of warfarin interruption and thrombosis is more than uncontrolled hemorrhage from the teeth. There is also no need for alternative warfarin treatments.}, Keywords = {Oral Surgery, Anticoagulants, Warfarin, Dentistry, Bleeding}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-6}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-295-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-295-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Khademloo, Mohammad and Mahmudi, Ghahreman and Shafiee, Somayyeh}, title = {Comparison of primary maladaptive Schema in patients under methadone maintenance treatment and healthy people in MMT clinics}, abstract ={Introduction: The aim of this study was to Comparison of primary maladaptive Schema in patients under methadone maintenance treatment and healthy people in MMT clinics. Methods: The study population consisted of all addicts and non-addicts under methadone maintenance treatment in MMT clinics in Sari formed of 200 people (100 people addicted and 10 normal men) were selected with available sampling procedure. Young schema questionnaire was used to collect data in 5 areas (areas of cuts and rejection, Impaired Autonomy and Performance domain, direction and other fields, hyper vigilance and impaired inhibition and field constraints) with 75 questions. Findings: Face and content validity according to the standard tools of the sighting several professors and its reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient α 0.968 is obtained. To analyze the data, independent t-test was used. The results showed that, in the domains of basic incompatibilities between addicts and healthy subjects undergoing methadone maintenance treatment MMT clinic there is a significant difference. Conclusion: in areas of cuts and rejection, Impaired Autonomy and Performance, moss, other orientation, vigilance and prevent excessive and disruptive limitations addicts under methadone maintenance treatment and healthy people, there was a significant difference and the average of all areas in the addicts were more than healthy people.}, Keywords = {Schema, methadone, addicts, maladaptive}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {14-22}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-297-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-297-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Bozorgi, Farzad and Hosseininejad, Seyed Mohammad and OraeeNasoti, Nazanin and Montazar, Seyyed Hosein and Jahanian, Fatemeh and ShayestehAzar, Masoud and Khalilian, Alirez}, title = {Diagnostic value of clinical examinations in confirming fracture of elbow bones}, abstract ={Introduction: Fractures and elbow dislocation are one of the most common injuries at different ages, especially in childhood and younger. Its approach to emergency centers is to perform such tests in a diagnosis of fractures or depression. Due to the high volume of the occurrence of such a disaster and its probable occurrence, especially in age groups and occupations, the study of radio graphics in any joint damage not only entails a high cost to the system of treatment, but also the consequences of radiation exposure to the patient. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of diagnosis of extension, supination, ecchymosis, hematoma and local tenderness in elbow injury in patients referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari.. Methods: This study is a prognosis test that evaluates the clinical findings of physical examination and imaging results in predicting elbow bone fractures in patients aged between 18 and 60 who suffer from blunt trauma referring to the emergency department of Imam Hospital. Initially, the first examinations of the patient's joint wound were assessed by assessing the range of motion including extension, supination, and pronation, as well as the presence of localized tenderness in radial head, ulna and epicondyle hemorrhoids, and examining the presence of ecchymosis and hematoma in the articular region by the expert Emergency medicine is done, the results of the examinations are recorded in the questionnaire form. Then, the standard geometry of the elbow joint is requested and the results are analyzed separately by the two radiologists. After collecting and entering the data, SPSS software version 18 was analyzed. Findings: In this study, 85 patients (74.2%) were male and 36 female patients (29.8%) were referred to the emergency department of Imam Khomeini hospital in Sari, from 121 patients with blunt elbow trauma. The highest frequency was over the age of 50 years (25.6%). The most frequent causes of injuries were pedestrians (57.9%). Extension limitations in the elbow joint were the most frequent among the patients, and the lowest observed sign was also in localized sensitivity in the epicondyle site of the bone arm. The greatest fracture was observed in the radius of the elbow joint, which was seen in 19.8% of the subjects. The least fracture in the proximal bone marrow was observed in 5% of the patients referred. The specificity and sensitivity values for extensions of 49.1 and 69.7 were calculated. Conclusion: We conclude that patients with a recent injury to the elbow who are not able to extend the elbow joint predict with specificity and high sensitivity of the fracture of the elbow bones and also increase the clinical suspicion of the doctor without the use of Para clinic (radiography) In contrast to other examinations, such as hematoma and ecchymosis, there is less diagnostic value to predict the fracture of the elbow joint bones.}, Keywords = {Radiography, clinical findings, elbow joint}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {23-32}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-298-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-298-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Saeedifar, Elahe Sadat and Memariyan, Robabe and Akhyani, Mohsen and Fatahi, Samira and Ghelichkhani, Fatemeh}, title = {Who to assess pain using Orem Self-Care Model}, abstract ={Abstract: Introduction: Self-care is an important tool in controlling pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The aim of this study was to investigate who to assess pain using Orem Self-Care Model in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: This was a descriptive aspect of a clinical trial performed on 60 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who referred to a private clinic in Karaj. Data collecting tools were a demographic questionnaire consisted of 19 questions and Numeric Pain Rating Scale. The data result was analyzed using SPSS version 19. Less than 0.05 was considered significance. Findings: The mean age was 44 years, 90% were married and 35% had diploma. ANOVS test with repeated measures showed a significant differences in three measures of pain in the intervention group, while in the control group, this difference was not significant (p=0.59). Conclusion: Conclusively, Orem self-care model is effective in reducing pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.}, Keywords = {Self-care, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, pain, Orem Self-Care Model}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {33-38}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-299-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-299-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Hajihoseini, Mojtaba and Eidy, Milad and Molania, Tahereh and Golpour, Masoud and Salehi, Maede}, title = {Lichen Striatus: Review article}, abstract ={Introduction: The lichen striatus is a rare disease of the skin. LS mainly affects children. LS is a benign self-limited, localized blaschkolinear inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology. Methods: A literature review was performed on any aspects of LS in children using pubmed and google scholar sing following terms: lichenstriatus, nail lichen striatus, facial Lichen Striatus, lichenoidplaque, dermatology. Articles not related to children population were excluded. Findings: In epidemiological review most of cases in children usually were between the age of 3 and 15 years. Females are affected more than males. The etiology of LS is still unknown.in one article there is an increasing incidence in spring and summer. seasonal variation with a peak incidence of lichen striatus further suggests a viral origin. The histologic pattern of LS is well defined. A perivascular inflammatory is seen. A lichenoid pattern with inflammatory infiltrate near the dermoepidermal junction may be present. clinical and histologic findings overlap with other cutaneous disorder that follows the lines of blaschko. Lesions are usually unilateral and characteristically appears as shiny ,flattoped erythematous papules. Lesion occur more frequently on legs, although any part of the body may be affected. Treatment or no treatments was not significantly correlated with duration of disease. Conclusion: LS mainly affects children. LS is a benign self-limited, localized blaschkolinear inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology. The onset of lesions is sudden and progresses to the full clinical aspect in days or weeks. LS is typically asymptomatic, but intense pruritus can occur. There isn’t any specific treatment for LS Its benign, Treatment or no treatments was not significantly correlated with duration of disease, self-limited course is marked by spontaneously involution in 6–12 months, with no scar formation.}, Keywords = {lichen Striatus, Children, Erythematous Papules, Blaschko line}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {39-44}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-300-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-300-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Jafari, Reza and Nouri, Banafshe}, title = {Primary Growth Hormone Deficiency And Usher Syndrome: A Case Report}, abstract ={Introduction: The Usher syndrome (USH) is an autosomal-recessive disorder refers to The combinded bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and in some cases vestibular dysfunction. There are three clinical types of Usher syndrome: type 1, type 2, and type 3. Type 3 is characterised by progressive hearing loss and variable age of onset of retinal degenerationand he or she will usually require hearing aids by mid- to late adulthood. Night blindness usually begins sometime during puberty. Case Presentation: The present case reports is a 13 years-old male with type 3 of usher syndrome syndrome who developed a previously undescribed growth hormone de- ficiency. Conclusion: We sugesst usher syndrome type 3 could be a primery GH deficiency disorders.potential link between usher syndrome and GH deficiency is still unclear and needs further studies.}, Keywords = {Usher syndrome,GH deficiency, Retinitis pigmentosa}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {45-48}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-301-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-301-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Jamali, Kazem and Asadi, Amir Has}, title = {Evaluation Of Ct Scan Results In Patients With Minor Head Trauma Based Its Indications And Final Clinical Results In Patients Referred To Emergency Department Of Namazi Hospital In 2016}, abstract ={Introduction: There is much controversy over whether or not to use CT scan in patients with minor traumatic brain injury. The present study was conducted aiming to examine the results of CT scan in minor traumatic brain injury on the basis of the required indications and final clinical results. Methods: A cross sectional study, the present study was conducted in the emergency section of Namazi Hospital, Shiraz, Iran. Patients with traumatic brain injury and Glasgow Coma Scale scores 13 to 15 were included. The clinical and CT scan results of patients were collected, compared and analyzed using SPSS software. P-values less than 0.05 were regarded as significant. Findings: Out of 263 patients, 182 (62.6%) and 81 (30.8%) were male and female, respectively. Also, the mean age of participants was 21.36±21.79. The most prevalent indication in patients was vomiting (56.3%) and the most prevalent unnatural indication was linear skull fracture. The present study reported that there is a significant association between unnatural CT scan results and indications of loss of consciousness level (P<0.01), headache (P=0.01) and post trauma seizure (P=0.04). Conclusion: The present study came to the conclusion that the four indications, namely, consciousness level, headache, post trauma seizure and vomiting can well predict the necessity for using CT scan in patients with minor traumatic brain injury.}, Keywords = {CT scan, Indication, Minor Traumatic Brain Injury.}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {49-55}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-302-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-302-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {GeliniMoghaddam, Tahereh and Hedayatifar, Fatemeh and Nouri, Banafshe}, title = {Comparing The Pipelle With Dilatation And Curettage (D;C) In Diagnostic Power Of Sampling For Evaluating The Patients With Abnormal Uterine Bleeding}, abstract ={Introduction: Abnormal uterine bleeding is a common and serious problem in the women of late reproductive age, and an indication for biopsy. Common diagnostic methods in Iran including the endometrial biopsy with dilatation and curettage (D&C) are the gold standard for diagnosis. The aim of this study is to compare the diagnostic power, complications, and duration of endometrial biopsy caused by two diagnostic methods of endometrial sampling of pipelle with dilatation and curettage (D&C) in patients with AUB. Methods: This single blinded- parallel randomized clinical trial was performed at the Iranian Center for Clinical Trials (IRCT). The research population is the patients referring to the specialized clinic of Mostafavian and Baghban 1 in Sari with complaints of AUB from October 2016 to September 2018. The patient selection was available for study. The patients were divided in simple random method into two groups of D&C and pipelle alternatively. The samples were sent to pathology after sampling, and when sampling is done, the patient was examined for complications such as uterine bleeding or vasovagal shock symptoms for the cervical stimulation, then, the results were compared with D&C, and also it was compared with the sample histopathologically. Findings: A number of 70 patients were included, while many of which were excluded, and finally 50 patients were completed the study. First, the biopsy with pipelle and then biopsy with D&C were performed on all the patients. The mean age of subjects was 47.5 years old. The highest number of patients (28%) was in the 40-45 group. The mean thickness of the endometrium in patients was 11.5 mm. In the pipelle group, 34% of the cases of insufficient samples were obtained, while using the biopsy, only 4% of the insufficient samples are obtained. A total of 23 samples from 50 patients undergoing pathologic diagnosis were obtained from two similar sampling methods. In the pipelle group, the insufficient sample with 34% proliferative, and then the secretion and proliferative samples were the second and third (prophylactic and secretion pathology are considered as normal tissues that was calculated 56% in this study) in the diagnosis, and accommodation of the pipelle and D&C samples in proliferative has allocated the highest percentage of 9%, and the lowest accommodation was in the in atrophy and polyps and hyperplasia. The average duration of the procedure in the pipelle group was significantly lower than D&C. The pain was significantly higher in pipelle group than D&C (P <0.05). Conclusion: Pipelle is a cheap, fast, outpatient method with low side effects without the use of anesthesia and operating room facilities for diagnosis of hyperplasia and cancer with lower susceptibility to D&C. In the D&C with acceptable susceptibility and specificity, the pain was lower, number of insufficient samples was lower, and diagnosis of polyps was higher.}, Keywords = {Abnormal uterine bleeding, pipelle, D&,C.}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {56-67}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-303-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-303-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Almbaidin, Feras and Qsous, Rami and Alnaser, Mutaz and Shawabkeh, Abdullah and Alsoud, Nidal and Abdo, Tamer and Gsous, Ghaith}, title = {Primary Hydatid Cyst of the Thigh , an unusual localization: a case report}, abstract ={Introduction: Subcutaneous musculoskeletal hydatid cysts are rare ,representing around 1-5%.It mimics a soft tissue tumor ,so preoperative radiological diagnosis is important to choose the treatment. Case Presentation: This case was presented to clinic in Prince Ali Hospital in Karak . A 78 years old female patient was presented complaining of right medial thigh swelling which appeared a few weeks ago.The swelling caused discomfort and pain .On exam ,a lump was located in the medial aspect of the right thigh,round,soft,non mobile. Her US revealed multiple well defined cystic lesions in the posterior aspect of the thigh, with internal septae mostly representing a hydatid cyst. A MRI was ordered and showed a large,multi-lobular, thin walled and non-calcified fluid containing cyst. The appearance was consistent with a hydatid cyst.Next,the patient underwent abrain,chest and abdominal CT to check if there was aprimary source,the results were negative.An Echinococcus Granulosa titer test was ordered, the result was negative. Treatment options were discussed.we preferred to start with the conservative approach.So,a high dose of Albendazole was started,with regular follow up in the clinic,but conservative treatment failed so we decided to continue with surgical treatment by complete excision. Conclusion: Echinococcal disease should be considered in any patient who presents with a cystic mass despite body location. Especially in endemic areas.}, Keywords = {Hydatid Cyst, Thigh , Endemic area.}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {68-74}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-304-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-304-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Zohouri, Daryoush and Zarei, Shahla and Tavallaei, Alirez}, title = {The Effect of Delivery Type on the Indices of Term Newborn Infants’ Umbilical Vein Blood Gas}, abstract ={Introduction: Caesarean section (also known as C-section or caesarean delivery) has undergone an enormous increase over the recent decades, particularly in Iran where the rate of C-section is five times larger than that of the global standards. Moreover, according to several studies, there is the possibility that caesarean delivery can affect umbilical vein blood gas. Accordingly, the present study was conducted aiming to examine the impact of delivery type on the indices of term newborn infants’ umbilical vein blood gas. Methods: The present cross-sectional study explored a total of 222 newborn infants born in Shahid Motahari Hospital, Marvdasht, Iran in 2015 based on three delivery-type groups, namely, natural delivery, general anesthesia-used caesarean and spinal anesthesia-used caesarean. Of all the infants, an amount of 0.5cc umbilical vein blood was taken and then examined in terms of blood gases. The two groups were compared with each other with regard to 1st and 5th minutes’ Apgar score, anesthesia duration as well as its influence on blood gases. The data was then analyzed using SPSS software. Findings: Mean and standard deviation values for Apgar score in natural delivery at the beginning of birth equaled 8.8 ± 0.59, suggesting a significant difference between natural delivery and other caesarean groups (P= 0.01). It should be noted that no significant difference was reported in infants’ umbilical vein blood in the two groups in terms of pH (P=0.08), PO2 (P=0.79) and PCO2 (P= 0.85). Likewise, there was a significant difference in umbilical base excess of natural delivery and caesarean groups (P=0.03). Conclusion: Based on the research results, compared to infants in caesarean groups, those born naturally enjoy higher Apgar score and base excess.}, Keywords = {Apgar Score, Blood Gases, Caesarean, Natural Delivery, Umbilical Vein.}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {75-82}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-305-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-305-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Araç, Bilsev and Doğan, Runida and Sarıtaş, Serdar}, title = {Determining the Moral Sensitivity of Intensive Care Nurses}, abstract ={Introduction: Intensive care units are defined as clinics that aim to support and cure critically ill patients, have a priority with their allocation in terms of patient care, are equipped with advanced technology devices, follow patients’ vital signs for 24 hours and provide a multidisciplinary service. This study was conducted for examining the moral sensitivity of intensive care nurses in moral decision-making. Method: The sample of this descriptive and cross-sectional study consisted of 84 nurses who worked in intensive care units of university and public hospitals in the province of Malatya between February - March 2015 and accepted to participate in the study. The data were collected using Socio-Demographic Data Form and Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire. Statistical analyses of the data were evaluated using computer-aided SPSS program, descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, minimum and maximum values, standard deviation), Anova variance analysis and Student t test. Findings: 70,2% intensive care nurses who were included in the study were in the age group of 18-34, 54,8% were married, 91,7% had bachelor's degree and 53,6% had studied ethics. While the total moral sensitivity score of intensive care nurses ranged from minimum 51 to maximum 131 the average score was 87,30±17,03. Average scores obtained by intensive care nurses from the lower dimensions of moral sensitivity were as 18.32±5,84 (autonomy), 11.41±4.40 (benefit), 10,67±2,97 (integrative approach), 13,46±4,78 (conflict), 11,05±3,08 (application) and 8,47±3,33 (orientation). It was determined that there was no difference between the total scores obtained by nurses from moral sensitivity and their educational background, duration of working in intensive care units, the unit where they worked and the state of studying ethics before and after graduation (respectively p:0,265, p:0,555, p:0,299 and p:0,439), however, there was a significant difference between the scores of some lower dimensions of moral sensitivity according to their age and marital status (respectively p:0,036, p:0,037). Conclusion: It was determined that intensive care nurses had a moderate level of moral sensitivity. Thus, it is recommended to plan and conduct continuous curriculums containing information and personal development aimed at increasing the moral sensitivity of intensive care nurses. Besides, it is considered important to conduct studies in larger groups for the moral sensitivity of intensive care nurses.}, Keywords = {Intensive Care Nursing, Moral Sensitivity}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {88-97}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-306-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-306-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ghaffari, Salman and ShayestehAzar, Masoud and Kariminasab, Mohammad Hossein and sharifi, Farz}, title = {Arthroscopic Reconstruction of Anterior Cruciate Ligament by Hamstring Graft Endobutton vs Rigidfix}, abstract ={Introduction: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear is a common sport injury. In recent years hamstring ligaments have become the most widely used graft for ACL reconstruction. One important issue is type of femoral side graft fixation. We compared the clinical outcomes of two femoral side fixation methods, endobutton and Rigidfix. Methods: From March 2014 to March 2016, 147 patients with ACL tear were treated by arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using autogenous quadruple hamstring graft. Femoral side fixation was performed with endobutton or Rigidfix. Demographic and perioperative data were collected from hospital documents. Patients were evaluated using objective and subjective International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Lysholm Knee Scores. Findings: 87 (59%)cases (48 endobutton and 39 Rigidfix) were accessible for final evaluation. Mean duration of follow up was 18(range 17-22) months. There was no significant difference between two groups regarding age, gender, body mass index (BMI), damage mechanism, activity level and postoperative pain, limp, subjective IKDC and Lysholm scores. Pivot shift test was normal in all cases of both groups. Anterior translation of more than three millimeter in comparison with intact knee in 30o and 90o of flexion was seen in 3(6.25%) and 3(7.69%) of endobutton and Rigidfix cases,respectively. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between endobutton and Rigifix using subjective scores. Rotary and anteroposterior stability was similar. Both fixation methods result in a stable knee.}, Keywords = {Anterior cruciate ligament, reconstruction, Endobutton, Rigidfix, Lysholm score, IKDC score}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {98-102}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-308-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-308-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Sadeghnezhad, Reza and Sadeghnezhad, Zohre and KadkhodazadeKhorasani, Seyedeh Saeede and Sadeghnezhad, Azit}, title = {Investigation of Fluoride Concentrations in Some Bottled Water in Iran}, abstract ={Nowadays, the use of bottled water has considerably increased due to especially safety. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the amount of fluoride in some bottled water consumed in the cities of Iran This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2017. In this study, 10 samples from several Brands of bottled Water were analyzed. The results showed that the minimum and maximum fluoride content in bottled water were 0.03 and 0.85 as mg/l, respectively. All samples had fluoride less than the standard values, there was a significant difference between the fluoride content of the bottled water and the average fluoride content based on the maximum average air temperature of the central cities of Iran and the standards of WHO and Iran. The manned fluoride was less than the Iranian standard and the world. Therefore, It is recommended to add or set fluoride in bottled water for preventing of dental caries.}, Keywords = {Fluoride, Bottled water, Iran.}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {1-6}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-313-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-313-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Bozorgi, Farzad and Mirabi, Ali and Chabra, Aroona and Mirabi, Reza and Hosseininejad, Seyed-Mohammad and Zaheri, Hoom}, title = {Mechanisms of Traumatic Injuries in Multiple Trauma Patients}, abstract ={Introduction: Trauma is a major cause of mortality and disability all over the world and causes more than 50 million deaths each year. Traumatic damages are increasing rapidly in a way that the world health organization states that traffic road injuries are going to be the third global cause of death and disability until 2020. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the number and anatomical region of injury with the mechanism of trauma in multiple trauma patients. Method: This cross-sectional study was performed on multiple trauma patients referred to Emergency Center of Imam Hospital in a sari. Demographic information and variables such as the mechanism of trauma, the number and anatomical region of injury were collected and recorded. Data were analyzed statistically using SPSS version 20. Findings: 220 patients with average age 38.59±21.03 were included in this study. 158 individuals were male (71.8%) and 62 individuals were female (28.2%). The average age of males and females was 37.92±18.99 and 40.29±25.94 respectively. The most frequently observed trauma cases were in the age group of 21 to 30. The most frequent causes of trauma were the car to a car accident (44.5%), falling down from height (20%) and motor to a car accident (14.5%) that consist of 79% total traumatic injuries. Motor to car accident and conflicts were significantly higher in men than women (P<0.004 and P<0.021 respectively). The most frequent injury to one anatomical region was head and neck (23.6%) and thoracic (16.4%) respectively. Head, neck and thoracic injuries were occurred in 46.76% and 39% patients respectively alone or with another anatomical region of injuries. Conclusion: Findings of this study indicate that car to a car accident is the most common mechanism of trauma and on the other hand the most common anatomical region of injury is head and neck. Individuals in the age group 21-30 are more at the risk of traumatic injuries. By considering the high frequency of traffic accidents as the leading cause of traumatic injuries, major reforms in traffic and transportation should be done to improve the structures related to traffic administrations and promoting the transplantation status.}, Keywords = {Multiple Trauma, Mechanism Of Trauma, Injury}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {7-15}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-314-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-314-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ebadzadeh, Mohammadreza and Dabiri, Sharyar and Khaksari, Mohammad and Fatemi, Seyed Jamiladin and Sharifian, Rayka and Ghanbarpour, Fetemeh and Partovi, Nasri}, title = {Ethylene Glycol Induced Calcium Oxalate Crystals and Oxidative Damage of Renal cells}, abstract ={Introduction: : Urolithiasis is one of common renal disease that attributed to multiple factors. In other hand, calcium oxalate is the most common urine lithiasis and urinary calcium and oxalate oversaturation are both important to calcium oxalate stone formation. The percent study was undertaken to examine the possible role of oxidative stress and cell injury in stone formation. Method: In this research 12 rats with average weight of (200-250) ±6 grams in two groups, accidentally were chosen. Stone group animals consume ethylene glycol 0.75% and ammonium chloride 1% for three days and then ethylene glycol 0.75% for 25 days to create stones in their kidneys. Control group rats maintained on regular food and drinking for 28 days. The status of oxidative stress induced by Calcium oxalate was evaluated by malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase in renal tissue. Findings: In present study, the body weight gain was small in stone group compare control group but kidney weight increased significantly. Many crystals deposit of Caox were seen in all regions of renal tubules in stone group. Calcium excretion increased after stone formation but magnesium decreased significantly. Urinary creatinine content was higher in control group. The serum creatinine, urea and uric acid were remarkably increased in urolithiasis induced group compare with control group. Superoxide dismutase activity decreased significantly in stone groups but MDA production increased in stone group when compare with control group. Conclusion: Our results indicate that ethylene glycol produces oxidative stress in the kidneys as shown by increased tissue MDA significantly. The antioxidant agents like vitamins and etc. can reverse these defective cycles properly.}, Keywords = {Urolithiasis, Calcium Oxalate, Malondialdehyde, Superoxide Dismutase}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {16-20}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-315-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-315-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Montazar, Seyyed Hosein and Jahanian, Fatemeh and Hosseininejad, Seyed Mohammad and AminiAhidashti, Hamed and Bozorgi, Farzad and GoliKhatir, Iraj and Omrani, Hamid Rez}, title = {Comparison of Complications and the Rate of Success of Central Venous Catheters with Ultrasound Guidance or Conventional Methods in Emergency Department}, abstract ={Introduction: This study compares Complications and the Rate of Success on the catheterization by ultrasound and Conventional method in emergency department. Methods: This is a descriptive and analytical study. The statistical population of the study is all patients who referred to the Emergency Department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari and require central venous catheter placement through internal jugular vein. Findings: The patients participated in the study consisted of 200 cases, 100 patients in the ultrasound group and 100 cases in the conventional group who underwent intravenous catheterization. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of gender and age. The most common reasons for catheterization were shock, MT and ESRD. The number of attempts to catheterize by ultrasound was significantly lower than the conventional method (P <0.0001). The mean pain intensity in the ultrasound group was significantly lower than the control group (P = 0.006). Statistical analysis indicated that the likelihood of complications in the conventional method is 2.91 times that of ultrasound (OR: 2.91, 95% CI: 1.63-5.17, P <0.0001). Although the success rate in ultrasound was approximately 4.26 times the conventional method, this difference was not statistically significant (OR: 4.26, 95% CI: 0.88-20.59, P = 0.052). Conclusion: As suggested by the results of the study, the incidence of complications in the use of ultrasound during catheterization is significantly reduced, and the number of attempts to catheterize and the patient's pain are reduced, which increases the patient's satisfaction.}, Keywords = {Central Venous Catheterization, Ultrasound, Complications.}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {21-29}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-316-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-316-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Al-Otaibi, Seham and Ali, Sarah and Rahman, Syed Raziur}, title = {Gram Positive Bacterial Profile, On Computer Keyboards and Mice in Qassim University and Efficacy of Disinfectants to Eliminate Contamination}, abstract ={Introduction: Computers are ubiquitous and have been shown to be contaminated with multiple bacteria’s in some communities. There is no economical way to test all the keyboards and mice out there, but there are effective ways to prevent bacterial contamination or eliminate it if it exists. Method: This was an observational study using the cross-sectional study design. Swab specimens were collected from surfaces of 43 computer keyboards and mice from Computer college ,Business college ,PYP and Library and plated on different bacteriological media. Organisms growing on the media were purified and identified at Qassim University Department Of Applied Medical Sciences Microbiology Laboratory by using gram stain and various biochemical tests. The second phase of sample collection done by collection of samples before and after the use of DETTOL, COLROX and DAC. It was found that all the tested computer keyboards and mice devices, were positive for gram positive bacterial contamination , and the data was analyzed using excel software. Recommendations were developed to create awareness among the students and staff of Qassim University, who used the computers during their study time. Findings: It was found that all the tested computer keyboards and mice devices, from Computer college and Business college , PreparatoryYear Program and Library, were positive for microbial contamination. The percentages of isolated bacterial species (Staph CoN, Staph aureus, Micrococci, streptococci and Bacillus) were 46.51 %, 6.97%, 4.65%, 2.32%, and 41.8 from all colleges respectively. The average of percent of colonies reduction for DETTOL, CLOROX and DAC were (90%, 80%, and 51%). Conclusion: Isolated bacterial species (Staph CoN, Staph aureus, Micrococci, Streptococci and Bacillus) were 46.51 %, 6.97%, 4.65%, 2.32%, 41.8 from all colleges respectively. Most effective disinfectants DETTOL(90%), CLOROX(80%) and DAC(51%).On the basis of these findings, it is suggested that routine cleaning of keyboards and mice may aid the fight against the contamination. Also, hand washing before and after contact with keyboards and mice should be practiced to significantly reduce the contamination.}, Keywords = {Gram positive, Computer’s keyboards (CK), Computer’s mouse (CM), Dettol, Chlorox, DAC}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {30-38}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-321-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-321-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Khassawneh, Moh,Harbe and Alfawaeer, Zyad Abdelrazzaq and Attallah, Dawood Moh,D}, title = {Incidence of Pericardial Effusion Post Pericardiotomy Diagnosis, Intervention and Treatment}, abstract ={Introduction: Pericardial effusion is the presence of an abnormal amount of and/or an abnormal character to fluid in the pericardial space. It can be caused by a variety of local and systemic disorders, or it may be idiopathic. The objectives of this study were to review recent experience at our institution in the management of pericardial effusion, to determine modalities and outcomes of treatment The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of early and late (>30 days) development of pericardial effusion. Between April 2015 and April 2017. Method: pericardial effusion occurrence was assessed in 358 adult who underwent cardiac surgery for (CABG, valvular surgery, or combined of both) by serial echocardiography. Findings: The prevalence of PE was about 3% for all cardiac surgeries. Symptoms Clinical manifestations were observed and response to different therapies was analyzed. 358 patients with a mean age of 60.4 ± 9.2 years undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting alone or combined with valve surgery. Large pericardial effusions develop in 30% of patients after cardiac surgery, and reach their maximum size after 10 days, with tamponade in 0.1%. Conclusion: In our analysis, pericardial effusion occurred in 3% of patients, and symptoms were nonspecific. Several factors, mainly related to preoperative characteristics and type of operation, predispose patients to effusion. Echocardiography-guided pericardiocentesis is effective and safe in these patient.}, Keywords = {pericardial tamponad, Pericardial Effusion, chest X-ray, Echocardiograph.}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {39-46}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-322-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-322-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Najafi, Narges and Davoodi, Lotfollah and Mirabi, Reza and Mahmoodbabooe, Mohammad and Tarjani, Nabi}, title = {Tuberculosis of Tunica Vaginalis: a Case Report}, abstract ={Abstract: Isolated Tuberculosis (TB) occurring in tunica vaginalis (TV) without renal or prostate involvement is extremely rare. We reported a 33-year-old man of genital tuberculosis occurring in TV presenting as acute hydrocoele.}, Keywords = {Tuberculosis, Tunica vaginalis.}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {47-50}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-323-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-323-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Roozbeh, Fatemeh and Ghajar, Maryam}, title = {Effect Of Vitamin D Supplementation With Anti-Viral Therapy On CD4 Levels In HIV-Infected Patients: Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis}, abstract ={Introduction: Due to the effect of vitamin D on the immune response, There are controversial results about the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the immune system of AIDS patients. This systematic review and meta-analytical was conducted to determine the effect of vitamin D supplementation, along with antiretroviral treatment on CD4 count of HIV-infected patients. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis study was done with using specific keywords HIV and vitamin D and CD4 and related keywords on published articles by the end of 2017 in the some databases such as Pubmed (116 articles), Scopus (121 articles) and Web of Science (127 articles). All articles have been export to ENDNOTE and after deleting duplicate, there was 174 articles. Review selected articles by two individuals, first on the title and abstract. Clinical trial studies about vitamin D supplementation on HIV-infected patients which receiving ART were selected. Quality assessment of studies was conducted by Jadad criteria. CD4 count and viral load before and after intervention in treatment and placebo groups, age of patients and duration of intervention were extracted. Fiundings: Finally, 7 clinical trial studies with a sample size of 639 people were entered the meta-analysis. The mean age of patients in the treatment group and placebo was 27.2 and 26.5 years respectively, and mean duration of intervention was 8.3 months. The increase in CD4 after treatment was 0.73 (CI95%:-0.43 - 1.89) compared with the placebo group which was not statistically significant, but Vitamin D use in 3 studies was near one year and this change (SMD=3.56, CI95%: 1.17-5.96) was significantly in these studies. Egger's test results showed that there was no publication bias. Conclusion: The results showed that at least 10 months use of vitamin D supplementation with antiviral therapy can effectively help in increasing the CD4 level in comparison with placebo.}, Keywords = {Vitamin D, Antiviral treatment, CD4, AIDS, HIV}, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {1-10}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-329-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-329-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {E.Alawneh,, Zaid and M.Aldalala’h*,, Kafa and K.Almashaqbah,, Rayya and S.Alshorofat,, Hafiz and Alhaek, Mohamm}, title = {Evaluation between Cough Peak Flow and Cough Strength Score for Anticipating Reintubation after Scheduled Extubation}, abstract ={Introduction: Cough peak flow and cough strength score were used to anticipate extubation results in patients where extubation was scheduled. Methods: Our prospective, randomized and double-blind investigation included 204 patients who were candidates for extubation after a successful spontaneous breathing test in the intensive care unit of King Hussein medical center, Amman, Jordan, during the period Feb 2014-Apr2016. Cough strength score (CSS, graded 0-5) and cough peak flow (CPF) were evaluated before extubation. Reintubation was recorded 3 days after extubation. Findings: Reintubation incidence was 12.7 %( 26) during 3 days after scheduled extubation. Patients with successful extubation had more cough strength scores than did reintubated patients (mean +/-SD, 2.8 +/-1.4, 1.7 +/-1.3, respectively, P < 0.05) and cough peak flow (69.2 +/-31.4, 45.4 +/-19.9 L/min, respectively, P < 0.05). The cough strength score demonstrated a positive association with cough peak flow (P <0.05). Mean cough peak flows were 33.1 L/min, 34.4 L/min, 39.2 L/min, 52.6 L/min, 71.9 L/min, and 106.8 L/min in patients with cough strength scores of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. While cough strength score increased from 0 to 1 to 2 to 3 to 4 to 5, the reintubation incidence reduced from 26.96%(55) to 22.5%(46) to 16.7%(34) to 13.7%(28) to 10.8%(22) to 1.96%(4). Conclusion: Cough strength score was suitable to record at the bedside in our intensive care unit. Cough strength score was positively associated with cough peak flow and had the same result for anticipating reintubation after scheduled extubation.}, Keywords = {Cough peak flow, cough strength, reintubation, extubation}, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {11-16}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-331-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-331-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Desai, Geetha and Chaturvedi, Santosh K}, title = {A Study of Patient Clinician Interaction and Abnormal Illness Behaviours among Subjects with Chronic Non Organic Pain}, abstract ={Introduction: Patient clinician interaction is an important component of Abnormal Illness Behaviours (AIB) and can have significant impact on the patients’ as well health care settings. AIB has been measured more with self-report scales compared to objective rating scales. This study assessed patient clinician interaction among in chronic pain using an objective scale, Illness Behaviour Assessment Schedule (IBAS). Method: Details of demography and illness were collected using a semis-structured schedule. IBAS was administered to 301 adult subjects with chronic non-organic pain to assess patient clinical interaction and illness behaviour patterns. Findings: Majority of the sample consisted of women (N=208 69%). The mean duration of pain symptoms in years was 5.78± 5.43. Majority of the subjects did not acknowledge or were not sure of receiving any explanation for their illness. Subjects recalled the causal explanation as having both psychological and somatic causes. Nearly 70% of the subjects attributed their affective disturbance to somatic problems. Gender differences were noted in communication of affect with more men having moderate to marked inhibition. (Chi square 7.78, p=0.005). Conclusions: This study highlights that patients often do not recall the explanations provided for their symptoms and may attribute their symptoms based on their own beliefs. This may correlate to abnormal illness behaviours. It is important to patient clinician interaction regarding the pain symptoms and attribution for appropriate management.}, Keywords = {Abnormal Illness Behaviours, pain, patient clinician interaction}, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {17-24}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-332-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-332-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Safdari, Mohammad and Safdari, Zahra and SadeghiFerezghi, Sadegh and Shirdeli, Mohammad and Safdari, , Zohre and Pishjoo, , Masou}, title = {Cervical Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Findings in Patients with Neck Pain A Cross Sectional Study in Southeast of Iran}, abstract ={Introduction: Neck pain is a common problem in human societies around 67-70% of adults experience it throughout their lives. There is much controversy in the literature about chronic neck pain causes and the role of imaging in the evaluation of it. In this study, we aimed to investigate the MRI findings in patients with neck pain. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014 in Zahedan, Iran. The study population was consisted of the patients with neck pain, in which a total of 700 patients were studied. After the MRI imaging, the study subjects were asked some questions and the required information was collected. Findings: 32.3% of the subjects were males and the average age of the participants was 35.62±10.15 years. 76.8% of people had chronic pain and also 86.4% of people didn’t show any abnormal finding and in the rest of them spondylosis and trauma were the most common abnormal causes. Disc bulging and protrusion were the most common finding and C3-C4 and C4-C5 were the most common level of these damages. Conclusion: In this study, like previous studies, the most common causes of neck pain were non-specific causes and they followed by spondylosis and neck trauma.}, Keywords = {Cervical - MRI - Findings - Neck Pain}, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {25-31}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-333-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-333-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Rad, Peyman and Taziki, Sadegh Ali}, title = {Evaluating The Relationship Between The Severity Of Psoriasis And The Prevalence Of Depression In Patients With Psoriasis Compared With Healthy Subjects Referred To Dermatology Clinics Of Gorgan In 2016-17}, abstract ={Introduction: Psoriasis is a systemic inflammatory disease and the most common recurrent chronic skin disease which affects almost 2% of the population and may occur at any age. This chronic disease causes changes in the appearance that impairs the patients’ mental image of themselves and causes rejection from society, isolation, personality disorders, depression, low self-esteem and weakened position of the person in the family. Due to the lack of permanent recovery of patients with medications, psychiatric interventions lead to improvements in the quality of life in these patients. An accurate assessment of the relationship between disease severity and psychopathology of it hasn’t been done in our society, so we decided to assess the relationship between disease severity and depression rate in patients with psoriasis referred to dermatology clinics is Gorgan in 2016-17 compared to healthy subjects. Method : In this case-control study, 68 patients with psoriasis referred to dermatology clinics in Gorgan in 1395 and 68 normal controls were examined for depression using standard Beck (Beck II ) test. Severity of the disease was calculated based on Psoriasis Area Severity Index Score (PASI Score). The data gathered was analyzed using statistical tests with confidence level of 0.95, and statistical power of 0.9 with SPSS software (version 18). Findings: This study evaluated 70 patients with psoriasis referred to dermatology clinics in Gorgan in 2016-17 and 70 healthy subjects as controls. In each group 22 subjects were male (31.4%) and 48 subjects were female (68.6%). Average disease severity was 35/17 ± 27 percent. With the increasing severity of psoriasis, the rate of depression is higher among patients. (P=0.0001) The rate of mild, moderate and severe depression in the case group was higher than the control group. This difference is statistically significant (p=0.0001) Conclusion: Depression symptoms are remarkably observed in psoriasis patients and the rate of these symptoms compared to healthy individuals is greater and these symptoms have a strong significant correlation with the severity of psoriasis.}, Keywords = {Depression, psoriasis, Beck II}, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {32-42}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-334-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-334-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Akhlagh, Seyd Hedayatallah and Farbood, , Arash and Hadavi, , Seyed Mohammadreza and Estabragh, Reza Raeesi and Shahabifar, Ramita and GhahramaniNejad, Farshi}, title = {Effect of Second Person Aid for Upward Displacement of Laryngoscope on Laryngeal View during Laryngoscopy}, abstract ={Introduction: Difficulties or failure in airway management is among leading causes of death due to anesthesia. Secure airway management necessitates an acceptable level of prediction, regarding the probability of difficult intubation and in occasions of difficulty, quick lifesaving reaction is required. This study aimed to assess a novel manual technique that enhances the exposing of laryngeal view by upward displacement of laryngoscope. Methods: In this study, 300 patients in the age range of 18-88 and ASA class I and II were studied. Mallampati score of each patient was estimated before intervention. After anesthesia, an expert would attempt laryngoscopy and laryngeal view was recorded. Immediately after checking laryngeal view by the first expert, a second person aide and lifts the laryngoscope upward in order to provide a better laryngeal view, then the new laryngeal view is recorded. Findings: A significant improvement was shown in patients’ laryngeal view after performing the upward lifting of the laryngoscope (P value < 0.001). Conclusion: The result of this research indicates that the simultaneous upward displacement of laryngoscope during laryngoscopy provides a better laryngeal view for the clinician, making the process of intubation easier and more successful.}, Keywords = {Laryngeal View, Laryngoscopy, Tracheal Intubation, Upward Displacement}, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {43-47}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-335-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-335-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {HeidariGorji, Ali Morad and Golbandi, Kobra Ali and HosseiniAshlaghi, Sayyed Mahmou}, title = {Investigating the Hidden Curriculum from the Perspective of Mazandaran Para-medical Students}, abstract ={Introduction: The present study aims at investigating the hidden curriculum indicators in Mazandaran Medical Sciences University (Sari’s Para-medical school) from the perspective of the university students. Methods: This study has been conducted on a study population comprised of Sari’s Para-medical school (n=217) during the academic year of 2016-2017. The information collection tool was the hidden curriculum questionnaire containing 36 items. The data were analyzed with SPSS.V.16 using single-variable t-test, normality test, variance analysis test, Levene test and independent t-test. Findings: The findings indicated that the hidden curriculum enjoys a rank some 3.96 higher than intermediate. Also, there was not found any significant difference between the students’ perspectives (gender-based) regarding the hidden curriculum stance but there was found a significant difference between the students’ perspectives regarding hidden curriculum (based on study fields). Conclusion: according to the scientific and social problems with which the universities are faced, the students’ perspectives are reflective of their positive appraisal of the hidden curriculum in Para-medical schools.}, Keywords = {Hidden curriculum, Rules and regulations, Professors’ knowledge}, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {48-58}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-336-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-336-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Golbabaei, Alireza and Moghaddam, Ehsan Aghaei and Majnoun, , Mohammad Taghi and Mirabi, Ali}, title = {Prenatal Diagnosis of Tetralogy of Fallot in a Fetus with Maternal Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, a Case Report}, abstract ={Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a teratogenic condition for the fetus. Congenital malformations among the newborns of diabetic mothers is 5-times greater than general population. Tetralogy of fallot is a common form of congenital heart defect. We would like to report a diagnosed case of fetal tetralogy of fallot based on findings including a ventricular septal defect (VSD), aortic valve overriding, bidirectional shunt via VSD in aortic long axis view, in addition to anomalies on the three-vessel view with small pulmonic annulus in a high risk mother with GDM with a gestational age of 19 weeks. It appears that although the risk of fetal cardiac malformations may be highest in women with GDM, all pregnancies of pre-gestational diabetes and GDM are at increased risk, given this, regular fetal echocardiographies should be consider in women with GDM.}, Keywords = {Tetralogy of Fallot, prenatal diagnosis, fetal echocardiography, gestational diabetes mellitus}, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {59-63}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-337-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-337-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Nabizadeh, Naveed and Gomrokchi, Alireza Yousof and Lirgeshasi, Sam Bemani and Bahari, , Mil}, title = {Fracture-Dislocation of the Thoracic Spine without Any Neurological Deficit: A Case Report and Review of the Literature}, abstract ={Introduction: Thoracic spinal fracture dislocation injury usually is caused by a high-energy trauma. Therefore, this kind of injury should always be suspected in the patients who have sustained a multiple trauma. The thoracic spinal fracture-dislocation is commonly accompanied by neurological symptoms. In the literature, only few cases are reported who did not present neurological symptoms. Case presentation: A 25-year-old man was brought to our emergency department following a vigorous motor-vehicle accident, complaining from excruciating pain in his right shoulder. The promptly obtained radiographs revealed right shoulder fracture dislocation that was reduced through intervenus sedation, in the emergency department. The overt shoulder injury distracted the ER physician’s attention from the vertebral translation, visualized in the initial chest radiographs. Secondary survey, obtained on the next day, revealed a serious T5-T6 fracture-dislocation and absence of neurological deficit. The computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging provided the details of the spinal injury. Open reduction and stabilization was performed by application of the rods and pedicle screws. The neurologic condition remained intact postoperatively. A CTLSO brace was administrated to wear whenever he was walking or sitting. The brace was weaned off at the 24th week when he started physical exercises. Conclusions: In a small number of patients who suffered spinal fracture-dislocation, the radiographic feature or severity does not correlate with the clinical manifestation. The treatment strategy is tailored individually, i.e., open reduction and internal fixation is advised whenever surgical intervention is indicated.}, Keywords = {Dislocation, Fracture, Thoracic vertebrae, Neurological deficit}, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {64-72}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-338-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-338-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Jahanian, Fatemeh and Hosseininejad, Seyed Mohammad and Bozorgi, Farzad and Amirifard, Sepideh}, title = {Management of Cardiac Arrest in a Patient with End Stage Renal Disease: a Case Report}, abstract ={Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performed due to cardiac arrest for return of blood circulation and oxygenation to the patient. We describe a case of successful CPR in a patient with several stages of pVT. She was a known case of end stage renal disease (ESRD) that was on hemodialysis. Advanced cardiac life support performed for her and after emergency hemodialysis. After that, she awoke with stable hemodynamics. Echocardiography revealed a moderate to severe MR and LVEF% of 40. The patient continued hemodialysis for 3 times a week and referred to cardiologist for further examination and angiography.}, Keywords = {Cardiac arrest, ESRD, Hemodialysis, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.}, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {73-76}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-339-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-339-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Amirkhanlou, Saied and Ebrahimi, Mohammad Mehdi and RezaeiShahmirzadi, Arash}, title = {Ectopic Cushing\'s syndrome Of Unknown Origin: A Rare Case Report}, abstract ={Background: Cushing’s syndrome is a rare disease caused by excessive secretion of cortisol by adrenal cortex (hypercortisolism). Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia due to increased secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) by pituitary gland is usually known as the main cause of Cushing’s syndrome. The 5-year survival rate for patient with Cushing’s syndrome is approximately 50% unless associated with treatment. Etiologic diagnosis therefore plays an important role in prompt treatment. The purpose of this study is to inspect a Cushing’s syndrome with unknown cause. Case presentation: A 36-year-old married man with complaint of periorbital and upper trunk swelling (with no buffalo hump) and lower extremity weakness presented to doctor’s clinic. He also had a one-year history of blurred vision, hypertension, facial and periorbital edema and difficulty getting up from a sitting. After physical examinations and laboratory testing, diagnosis of Cushing’s disease with unknown cause was made and surgical removal of both adrenal glands was suggested. He underwent bilateral adrenalectomy in two separate operations and his symptoms gradually reduced during the next months. Conclusion: According to this study and other same case report studies conducted, surgical removal of adrenal gland is the most effective treatment if the patient does not respond to medication. Even if the cause of Cushing’s disease is not known, like the case mentioned.}, Keywords = {Cushing's syndrome, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, hypercortisolism}, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {77-82}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-340-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-340-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Aliasgharpour, Mehri and Miraliyari, Fatemeh}, title = {Homocysteine and Folic Acid Prescription Effects on Cardiovascular Diseases}, abstract ={Introduction: Homocysteine, is a sulfhydryl-containing amino acid that is typically present in very small amounts in all cells of the body.  Many investigations have indicated hyperhomocystenemia as a risk factor, which is correlated with complications such as atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and stroke. The aim of the present work was to review different studies for   the lowering effect/s of folic acid supplementation on plasma homocysteine levels. Methods: An academic search was conducted in  number of electronic databases such as EMBASE, PubMed, and etc. for the  key words; homocysteine , vitamin B12 , vitamin B6 , folic acid (vitamin B9)  and cardiovascular diseases  during years 2004 to  2018. Findings: Review of the selected papers indicated that increased homocysteine levels as a risk marker for cardiovascular diseases, is associated with atheriosclerotic outcomes. In addition, it is considered   a higher risk of coronary artery disease in patients with chronic renal dysfunction. In apparent contrast, however, another study indicated  no risk reduction  in homocysteine-lowering trials based on prescription of folic acid and concluded that intake of high amounts of folic acid may be beneficial via the homocysteine lowering, but may also be harmful via destabilization the atherosclerotic plaque. Conclusion: The authors conclude uncertainty of whether or not folic acid means of homocysteine lowering forms of therapy will reduce the risk of CVD remains a main focus of future research works.}, Keywords = {Homocysteine, Methionine, Cysteine, Atheriosclerosis, Cardiovascular Disease.}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {1-4}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-345-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-345-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Haghighat, Shila and Zabihi, Zohre and Khosrawi, Saei}, title = {Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy with Wrist Splinting on Outcome of Patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome; A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial}, abstract ={Introduction: To determine the long-term effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on clinical symptoms and electrophysiological parameters of patients with mild and moderate carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted during a 1-year period in January 2015 to January 2016 in outpatient clinics of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. This study is registered with Iranian Clinical Trial Registry (IRCT20120716010297N5). We included 61 hands with mild and moderate CTS from both genders with an age range of 30 to 65 years. The hands were randomly assigned to receive LLLT and night wrist splint (n=31) or sham laser therapy and night wrist splint (n=30).  Symptoms severity scores (SSS), functional severity score (FSS), visual analogue scale (VAS) and nerve conductive study (NCS) parameters using electrodiagnostic equipment were evaluated based on clinical parameters (Phalen’s and Tinel tests) at 6 months after treatment. Findings: The baseline characteristics were comparable between two study groups. The VAS, SSS, FSS, peak sensory latency and distal motor latency decreased significantly in both study group after 6 months of intervention. We found that those receiving LLLT had significantly lower VAS (p=0.001), SSS (p<0.001) and FSS (p<0.001) compared to sham laser therapy after 6 months of follow-up.  In the same way, those in LLLT group had significantly lower values of peak sensory latency compared to sham group (p<0.001). Those receiving LLLT had significantly higher decrease in mean values of VAS (p=0.032), SSS (p=0.021), FSS (p=0.002) and distal motor latency (p<0.001) when compared to those in sham group. However, the decrease in mean differences of peak sensory latency was comparable between two study groups. Conclusion: LLLT is associated with improved pain, symptoms, function and sensory evoked potentials after 6 months in patients with mild to moderate CTS. }, Keywords = {Low-Level Laser Therapy, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS), Wrist Splint, Outcome }, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {5-14}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-346-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-346-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Bozorgi, Farzad and Laali, Abolghasem and Khademloo, Mohammad and Ehteshami, Sara and Assadi, Touraj and Pashaie, Seyed Masuome and Sazgar, Mohamm}, title = {Incidence and Risk Factors of Workplace Violence against Pre Hospital Staffs in Mazandaran; North of Iran}, abstract ={Introduction: Ambulance personnel are often the first people to encounter patients needing emergency care. As they are the first healthcare systems who interface the patients and their relatives so they are susceptible to threat reactions and violence. Therefore unclearness of the threats nature against the ambulance staff and also their frequencies was the purpose of current study. Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study which was carried out in the primary health care centers in Mazandaran University of medical sciences from January 2016 to august 2017. All   nurses available during the field work of the study in the primary health care centers (157 persons) were enrolled this study. The tool for data collection was a self-administered questionnaire. Data were imported to the SPSS v19 for both data analysis and tabular presentation. Findings: 57 of respondents (35.2%) experienced physical violence. 110 (67.9%) of the personnel had been exposed to forms of verbal aggression. There was a significant relationship between the patient’s age and occurrence of both verbal aggression and physical violence (P=0.067) and patients who were younger had more aggressive behavior (P=0.083). But there was not significant relationship between the site of staff duty and aggressions. No incidence of racial or sexual aggression was found in our study. The results regard to coping with the violence was “inviting to calm” in more than half of cases 64 of 113 (56.6%). Conclusion: This study shows that threats and violence are a frequently occurring work-place problem within ambulance services.}, Keywords = {Pre Hospital Staff, Violence, Threats}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {15-20}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-347-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-347-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {AhangarAtashi, Mohammad Hossein and Khosravi, Setareh and Goshaderoo, Aziz and Goshaderoo, Abbas}, title = {Clinical Bonding Durability Assessment of Rebonded Brackets considering ARI Score}, abstract ={Introduction: Debonding is known as one of the main problems in orthodontics. Rebonding these brackets require clinical chair time and is a nuisance and costly process in the course of orthodontic treatment. Clinical bonding durability of new brackets in comparison with rebonded brackets with different Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) scores has been investigated in this study. Methods: The subjects of this study consisted of 76 debonded brackets of maxillary first and second premolars. According to ARI scoring after debonding, brackets were divided into two groups. 27 debonded brackets with composite residual value (ARI) greater than or equal to 90% were assigned to group A (ARI≥4) and 28 brackets to group B (ARI≤2) with a composite residual value less than or equal to 10%. The third group was used as a control group in which 21 new brackets were used. Findings: Similar bonding durability time was recorded in group A (ARI≥4) and group C (new brackets) which was significantly higher than of group B (ARI≤2). Conclusion: Debonded brackets with high ARI score (ARI≥4) and new brackets have the same performance on bonding durability. Therefore, a high ARI debonded bracket can be used instead of a new bracket for rebonding.}, Keywords = {Bonding Durability, ARI Score, Bracket Rebonding, Debonding}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {21-29}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-348-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-348-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Gholipour, Atiyeh and Ghorbanpour, Atiyeh and HeidariGorji, Ali Morad and BabaeiHatkehlouei, Mahdi}, title = {Investigating the Factors Affecting General Health among Staff of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences}, abstract ={Introduction: In light of the fact that physical and mental health disorder may lead to quantitative and qualitative decline in employee employment, paying attention to their mental and general health requirements is very important and vital. Therefore, this study is intended to address the factors affecting the general health of staff. Method: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the staff of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences was investigated using a multistage sampling method in 2017.The tool for collecting data was a two-section questionnaire including demographic data and GHQ-28 scale. Data was analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics. Data analysis was performed by SPSS software using independent t-test, one way ANOVA and Spearman correlation coefficient. Findings: Of 125 subjects studied, 64 percent of all staff at the University of Medical Sciences were suspected of having physical or mental disorders. General health has a direct relationship with the job status and physical activity. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference between the variables of age and work experience as well as the score of the subgroups of general health, while there was a significant difference between the total score of general health and educational level. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study showed that more than half of the employees are affected by some aspects of the physical and mental problems that this issue is of great importance. Paying attention to factors such as lack of physical activity, undesirable job status and occupational stress can probably have a significant role in improving the existing conditions.}, Keywords = {General Health, Staff, Job Improvement, Mental Health, }, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {30-36}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-349-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-349-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Banei, Majid and Karbasfroushan, Ali and Hesami, Mohammad Ali and Valizadeh, Rohollah and Fattahi, Samir}, title = {Frequency of Wound Infection after Appendectomy}, abstract ={Introduction: One of the risk factors for wound infection techniques, how and when to close the wound after surgery. Various methods have been proposed for closure this study, we studied the wound infection after appendectomy in 2015. Methods: This study was a descriptive study in general surgery ward of Imam Reza Hospital during 2014-2015. The study population of 208 patients who were divided with a clinical diagnosis. The patients in four time of the third, seventh days, one and three months after surgery were followed in the surgeon's office. Findings: In this study, 126 patients (60.7 %) were male and 81 patients (39.3%) were female. The overall average age was 10.53 ± 32.48 years. 4.9% of patient had infections and 95.1% had not infection. Conclusion: According to the results, the prevalence of wound infection after is not in high level and it is recommended to keep lower using the precious sterilization and good antibiotic therapy.}, Keywords = {Appendectomy, Infection, Wound, Appendix}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {37-41}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-350-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-350-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {EbrahimzadehHassanabadi, Mehran and Shakeri, Fatemeh and Eizadi, Zohreh and Yousefnezhad, Maedeh and Moaddabi, Amirhossei}, title = {Radiographic Assessment of the Prevalence of Pulp Stones in Iranian Population}, abstract ={Introduction: Pulp stones are separate calcified mass that we can observe in the dental pulp. The present study is conducted to evaluate the Incidence and Distribution of Pulp Stones Found in Radiographic Examination of Dental Patients in Sari. Methods: In total, 493 panoramic radiographs from patients attending the dental clinics of at Mazandaran University of Medical Science, from January 2017 to April 2018 were examined.  The sample composed of 164 male and 329 female with age range of 10-60 years. About 3235 teeth were evaluated. Associations of pulp stones with different tooth types, sex, upper or lower arc and the side were noted. Findings: The overall prevalence of pulp stones in the present population was found 15.21%. Females constituted 73.33% and males constituted 26.67%. No significant gender difference with the occurrence of pulp stones was observed. 37.14% was the incidence of pulp stones in left maxillary first molar which was considered to be the highest frequency compared to all other teeth. Conclusion: In conclusion, maxillary first molars had maximum number of pulp stones and patients in the age group from 20-30 years had more pulp stones than the others. All this information could be of help during endodontic procedures.}, Keywords = {Panoramic radiographs, Prevalence, Pulp stones, Iranian population}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {42-47}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-351-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-351-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {EbrahimzadehHassanabadi, Mehran and Eizadi, Zohreh and Yousefnezhad, Maedeh and Moaddabi2, Amirhossei}, title = {Prevalence and Pattern of Torus Mandibularis and Torus Palatinus among Iranian Population}, abstract ={Introduction: Torus palatinus (TP) and torus mandibularis (TM) are slow growing anatomical bony protuberances with unknown etiology seen on the alveolar surfaces of the maxilla and mandible. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, and shape of TP and TM in relation to age and sex in Iranian population. Methods: The present study included 613 subjects (458 men and 389 women) with mean age of 43.31±16.87 years. The subjects were examined for the existence of tori by clinical inspection and palpation. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0 software program. Findings: Among the 106 subjects with tori, 8 (7.55%) had either TP or TM. 41 (38.68%) subjects had TP, whereas 57 (53.77%) had TM. The maximum percentage of TP, TM, and either tori was observed in the age-group of 49–59 years, the oldest group (59 and older years age range), and the age-group 49-59 years. The percentage of females with tori was higher when compared to males, which is however not significant. According to shape, the occurrence of flat-shaped TP (41.46%) and bilateral solitary TM (42.11%) was more common. Conclusion: This study indicated that the prevalence of TP in Iranian population was 17.29%. No significant difference in the presence of tori with respect to sex and age was observed. According to the literature, flat TP and bilateral solitary TM were the most common type in our population.}, Keywords = {Torus palatinus, Torus mandibularis, Prevalence, Iranian population}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {48-56}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-357-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-357-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Golbabaei, Alireza and AghaeiMoghaddam, Ehsan and Majnoun, Mohammad Taghi and Mirabi, Ali}, title = {Fetal Coarctation of the Aorta Successfully Repaired in the Neonatal Period, a Case Report and Review of Literature}, abstract ={Coarctation of the aorta is one of the most difficult conditions to diagnose during fetal life witch affecting with a frequency of approximately 5-8% of live births with congenital heart disease. We would like to report a case of coarctation of the aorta diagnosed prenatally at 28 weeks’ gestation. There were evidences of right ventricular and atrial enlargements, significant aortic stenosis, antegrade and retrograde flow in proximal part of descending aorta at fetal echocardiography. Since it was not appropriate time for abortion, the pregnancy was monitored and continued to termination. Surgical relief of the aortic obstruction was done in the day 20 of birth. The neonate was surgically treated successfully. Prenatal diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta is potentially life-saving and can improve the outcomes of operative conditions in infants preparing for surgery. Early detection and surgically repair of Coarctation of the aorta can significantly improve survival rate of affected neonates.}, Keywords = {Coarctation Of The Aorta, Congenital Heart Disease, Fetal Echocardiography, Prenatal Diagnosis}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {57-63}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-352-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-352-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mehrvarz, Sara and Hamrah, Hadid and Golmoradi, Mehr}, title = {Acute Myeloblastic leukemia and Marfan syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review}, abstract ={A 22 –year-old male visited our center because of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) associated with Marfan syndrome (MFS). The diagnosis of MFS was based on clinical findings such as Ectopia lentis, Anurysmal Aoarta and systemic manifestations. Peripheral blood smear and bone marrow examination showed: AML.M3. We started chemotherapy regimen but unfortunately died by DIC in his hospitalization course.}, Keywords = {Acute myeloblastic leukemia, Marfan syndrome, case report}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {64-67}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-353-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-353-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {MalekzadehShafaroudi, Ali and Hali, Haleh}, title = {Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) As a Pulpotomy Agent in Developing Permanent Teeth: A Case Report}, abstract ={Introduction: Traumatic injuries or caries to developing permanent teeth may prevent the integrity of root maturation and finally result in pulp necrosis, vital pulp therapy (VPT) is a suitable treatment for these teeth.  This article describes a successful apexogenesis report of a nine year old boy with impact trauma to the mandibular left first molar which caused complicated crown fracture, pulp exposure and thereupon spontaneous pain. Methods: Cervical pulpotomy was performed and the remaining pulp was capped with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Afterwards the crown was restored using a stainless steel crown, the patient was followed up using radiographic images and clinical examinations 6 and 12 months after the treatment. Findings: The follow up documents indicated that the tooth maturation was completed, the apex was developed and a calcified barrier was formed right above the remaining vital pulp and no other endodontic treatments were needed. Conclusion: Regarding to the excellent healing potential of the immature vital pulp and using MTA as medicated filling matter, clinical and radiographic documents represent MTA as a successful pulpotomy agent in immature permanent teeth.}, Keywords = {Apexogenesis, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Open apex, Pulpotomy, Trauma}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {68-72}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-354-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-354-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Rahmani, Nasrin and Chavoshinejad, Mohammad and Behnamfar, Morteza and Mirabi, Ali and Karimifar, Keyvan and Shamshirian, Amir and Hessami, Amirhossein and Hashemi, Seyyed Abbas and Nazemi, Sina and Piranviseh, Ashk}, title = {Interstitial Incisional Hernia Following Appendectomy: a Case Report}, abstract ={Incisional herniation after appendectomy is a rare condition, occurring in less than 0.12% of operations for appendicitis. A 46-year-old woman referred with a hernia at the site of a McBurney incision with the history of Appendectomy for acute appendicitis 6 years ago. There was evidence of a long segment of the colon (possibly cecum), a significant increase in colon thickness and inflammatory changes in the abdominal wall, as well as in the mesenteric fat with possible adhesion as a fixed bowel loop in the place of the previous laparotomy. The diagnosis of interstitial incisional hernia was made and the patient was scheduled for the surgery. The patient had no complaints of pain after the operation, and in follow up courses, there was no recurrence of a hernia.}, Keywords = {Hernia, Appendectomy, Interstitial Incisional, Iran}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {73-76}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-355-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-355-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mehrvarz, Sara and Hamrah, Hadid and Takavar, Tah}, title = {Cerebral Venous Thrombosis and Crohn’s Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review}, abstract ={Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) can increase cerebral venous pressure leading to decrease cerebral perfusion; resulting in ischemic injury, parenchymal hemorrhage and vasogenic edema. The clinical manifestations of CVT are: headache (more common), vomiting, seizure, vertigo, ataxia and photophobia. In this paper we report a 19-year-old girl with Crohn’s disease. Our patient is a known case of Crohn’s disease for about 14 years and is suffered from hyper coagulopathy state.}, Keywords = {Cerebral Venous Thrombosis, Crohn’s Disease, case report}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {77-80}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-356-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-356-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2018} }