@article{ author = {Esmaeilnejad-Ganji, Seyed Mokhtar and KarimiNasab, Mohammad Hossei}, title = {Risk Factors for Fatal Traffic Accidents: A Narrative Review}, abstract ={Introduction: Traffic accidents are among the most important causes of death worldwide which are increasing every year. The purpose of this study is to review the risk factors for traffic accidents mortality. Method: For the present narrative review, we searched databases PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science using keywords “accidents”, “mortality” and “risk factor” to find the related articles. Findings: After reading the full-texts and final evaluation, totally 13 risk factors were identified. Older age, male gender, low educational level, consumption of alcohol, drugs, drowsiness, not wearing seatbelt, presence of pedestrian/occupant, severe accidents, high speed, adverse weather, rural and wet roads, were considered as the risk factors for fatal traffic accidents, although they can vary somewhat between different regions. Conclusion: According to the results, it can be stated that control of human risk factors and fails by drivers can decrease risk of accidents mortality. Also, taking measures by the authorities and policy makers, such as better speed management, enforcement of traffic laws, road infrastructure improvement and vehicle standardization, is helpful in this regard.}, Keywords = {Accidents, mortality, risk factor, review article}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-9}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-367-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-367-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Montazer, Seyed Hossein and Hosseininejad, Seyed Mohammad and Bozorgi, Farzad and Assadi, Touraj and Hashemi, Seyedeh Nesa and Lotfipour, Mohsen and Ramzani, Mirsaei}, title = {Epidemiology of Injuries Caused By Motor Accidents in Patients Referred To Emergency Department of A Trauma Center Hospital in North of Iran}, abstract ={Introduction: Determining the frequency distribution of injuries caused by motor accidents in patients referred to emergency department of a trauma center Hospital in north of iran Methods: The statistical population of our study was all patients with injuries due to motor accidents to emergency department of Imam Khomeini Hospital from April 2015 to April 2018. In this longitudinal descriptive study, all stages of the collection of information through the student's application file have been completed. Information included in the checklist includes demographic information, type of lesion, location of the lesion, multiple scales, vehicle type and level of consciousness. For statistical analysis, variables were first described based on descriptive statistics method including mean ± standard deviation for quantitative variables such as age and frequency tables for qualitative variables such as type of injury. In order to compare the type of injuries in both sexes and location and age comparison in a variety of injuries, Chi square or Fisher exact test, T test and variance analysis test were used. Findings: Based on these results, head and neck, right lower organs, and right upper organs had 37.4%, 12.2% and 12% of total highest percentage of lesion site, respectively. People with at least one type of lesion had 67.8% of the injured in the head and neck, 22.1% of the patients suffered damage to the right lower organs and 21.8% of the patients had injury in right upper organs. The non-penetrating type of lesion (89.3%) is more abundant than penetrating lesion. To investigate the frequency of para-clinical type in individuals, FAST sonography has the highest frequency and total percentage in all kinds of para-clinics (31.7%) Conclusion: According to the conducted studies and the results of this study, it can be concluded that the prevention of injuries caused by accidents can be used to correctly teach the use of helmets for motorcyclists and seat belts for car occupants, Also, due to the high prevalence of head lobe lesions, special attention should be given to the correct transmission of patients to the emergency department.}, Keywords = {Injury, Accidents, Helmet}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {10-18}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-368-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-368-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Mirsharifa, Seyyed Mehdi and Mirzaian, Bahram and Dousti, Yarali}, title = {The Efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) Matrix on Anxiety and Quality Of Life of Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome}, abstract ={Introduction: Given the high prevalence of psychological disorders and the low quality of life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), this study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) matrix on anxiety and quality of life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Method: This is a quasi-experimental study in which pre-test and post-test design with control group was used. The research population included all people with IBS referring to three hospitals in Tehran in 2017. Among them, 30 patients with IBS were selected by using convenience sampling method and based on inclusion criteria. Then, they were randomly assigned into two groups of experiment (n=15) and control (n=15). Data were collected using Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Health Related Quality of Life Questionnaire (SF-36). The experiment group received ACT matrix for 6 sessions of 90 minutes, but the control group did not receive any treatment. Both groups received and completed questionnaires before the treatment (pre-test) and after the end of treatment (post-test). Findings: Data analysis revealed a significant difference between experiment and control groups in terms of quality of life and anxiety scores in the pre-test and post-test stages (P <0.05), so that the patients in the experiment group at the post-test stage had a lower anxiety score and a higher quality of life score than the control group. Conclusion: ACT matrix is an effective, simple, and practical method for reducing anxiety and improving the quality of life of patients with IBS.}, Keywords = {Acceptance and commitment therapy, Anxiety, Quality of life, Irritable bowel syndrome}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {19-30}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-369-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-369-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Razani, Omolbani}, title = {The Effect of Combining Two Methods of Massage Therapy and Mental Imagery in Reducing Pain in Children Suffering From Cancer}, abstract ={Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of combining two methods of massage therapy and mental imagery in reducing pain in children suffering from cancer. Method: The statistical population included all children suffering from different types of cancer who were admitted in Taleghani and Mofid Hospitals in Tehran. 41 pair of children were selected and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. Children were visited twice. At the first visit, both groups underwent routine care and on the second visit, the experimental group received cognitive interventions and the control group received routine care. The data were collected through demographic information questionnaire, Ocher scales, visual analog CHAOS (Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale) of current practice in pediatric medicine. Findings: The results showed that massage therapy and the mental image of the child could reduce pain and distress level. There was a significant correlation between the severity of the pain and the distress level. Conclusion: Combining two methods of massage therapy and mental imagery in the treatment of children suffering from cancer can reduce pain and distress. Therefore, in order to reduce the psychological complications of cancer and the side effects of its various treatments, teaching the authorities these two methods is recommended since their use can be effective.}, Keywords = {Mental imagery, Anger, Childhood Cancer, Massage Therapy}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {31-39}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-370-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-370-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Eftekharian, Shahriar and SalehiVaziri, Abbas and Barzegar, Mohammad Saeid and Mohammadi, Davoo}, title = {Prevalence the Types of Occlusions According To Methods of Lactation and Sucking Habits in Preschool Children in Qazvin}, abstract ={Introduction: Dentists who treat malocclusions, require information on the etiology of malocclusions in order to prevent, intervention, and treatment of occlusive problems. Awareness of hereditary factors helps the dentist in designing and effective treatment of genetic causes. Method: This cross-sectional study was performed on 456 children aged 5-6 years old with the aim of investigating the prevalence of occlusion according to lactation methods and sucking habits in preschool children in Qazvin. To do this research, first, the preschool child who was qualified was examined. Their mothers then completed a questionnaire on the baby's feeding method during their infancy, their habits and their duration, and the oral health status of the child at rest. Maternal subjects were also examined and their molar relationships were recorded. Findings: Breastfeeding was the most prevalent method of feeding for newborn children in Qazvin. The mothers used milk bottle to feed their son's children more than the daughters. The use of milk bottle in the first two years of life showed a significant relationship with the increase in over-jet. Also, the prevalence of oral habits in those who were fed with milk bottle was more and indicated the role of milk bottle in forming inappropriate sucking patterns. The prevalence of oral habits was 24.2%, which it’s most common type was pacifier sucking in comparison with other communities. The sucking habits showed a significant relationship with increasing the over-jet, reducing the overbite, and increasing the open-bite prevalence. Conclusion: The relationships of the children's deciduous molars were similar to those of the mothers' molars, and the similarity was higher in those who fed from the mother's breast (p <0.05). The results showed that sucking habits have a greater impact on occlusion compared with the nutritional method and should be controlled in in early childhood.}, Keywords = {occlusions, Prevalence, lactation, sucking habits, preschool children}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {40-58}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-371-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-371-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Pahnabi, Ali and Bagheri, Fatemeh Zahra and HeidariGorji, Ail Mor}, title = {Comparative Study on Musculoskeletal Disorders in Male and Female Personnel of Operating Room of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences’ Educational Therapeutic Centers In 2018}, abstract ={Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most prevalent factors of occupational damages and disabilities in industrialized and developing countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ergonomic risk of musculoskeletal disorders in male and female operating rooms personnel of Mazandaran University of medical sciences’ educational therapeutic centers in 2018. Method: In this study, 97 male and female surgical technologists of Mazandaran University of medical sciences’ educational therapeutic centers (31% male and 69% female) were studied. In this study, part of the data was collected by demographic and Nordic questionnaires and another part by assessing occupational posture using REBA method. Findings: The highest prevalence of disorders was in the back (71.16%), lumbar (67.01%), knees (61.85%); and the lowest prevalence was in the buttock (15.46%), leg and ankle (18.55%). There was a significant relationship between age, weight, work experience and exercise during a week and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. 26.8% of the employees were at low risk, 52.5% were at moderate risk and 20.6% were at high risk. There was no significant relationship (p<0.05) between risk and musculoskeletal disorders, but by increasing the risk of affliction, the prevalence of these complications also increases. Conclusion: Generally, the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among the operating room employees is high and individuals are encountered with so many risk factors such as stable inappropriate postures like bending for a long time, standing too long, moving and transferring the patient and inadequate rest and intensive job shifts and etc, which corrective measures should be provided in order to ameliorate the occupational situations for personnel.}, Keywords = {Muscular Disorders, Skeletal Disorders, Operating Room Personnel,}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {59-67}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-372-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-372-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Moghadam, Ehsan Aghaei and Mirzaaghayan, Mohammad Reza and Ghamari, Azin and Amini, Sim}, title = {1q21.1 Microdeletion and Microduplication in a Patient with Coarctation of Aorta, Seizure and Dismorphic Features}, abstract ={1q21.1 duplication is a rare copy number variant accompanied with multiple congenital malformations, including developmental delay, autism spectrum disorder, dysmorphic features and congenital heart anomalies. The present study described an Iranian 6-month-old infant with coarctation of aorta, seizure and dismorphic features. The parents and the sibling of the patient, were physically and psychologically normal. Whole genome oligo array CGH revealed a deletion 314.2 Kb on 1q21.1q21.1 and duplication of 1.25 Mb on 1q21.1q21.2. Up to date, few evidence are available for the cardiac abnormalities of the patients with micro deletion and microduplication on 1q21 have also coarctation of aorta.}, Keywords = {1q21.1 Deletion, 1q21.1 Duplication, Congenital Heart Disease, Coarctation Of Aorta}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {68-73}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-373-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-373-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {SajjadiSaravi, Majid and Karimi-Nasab, Mohammad-Hossoin and Shayesteh-Azar, Masood and Amjadi, Shay}, title = {Soft Tissue Reconstruction for Chronic Peroneal Tendon Dislocation with Plantaris Tendon}, abstract ={Recurrent dislocation of peroneal tendons is a relatively rare ankle problem with numerous described surgical treatments which make the orthopaedic surgeons baffled in choosing the appropriate procedure. An 18 year old girl with a two years history of recurrent peroneal dislocation was treated successfully using plantaris tendon for delta-shape reconstruction of superior peroneal retinaculum. Her recovery was uneventful without any major complications or recurrence except surgical site tenderness and mild swelling for 5 months after surgery making a delta shaped retinaculum using plantaris tendon effectively prevents the dislocating peroneal tendons.}, Keywords = {Peroneal Tendons, Recurrent Dislocation, Plantaris Tendon}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {74-78}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-374-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-374-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Jabbari, Mohammad and Fallahkarkan, Mortez}, title = {Acquired Urethral Diverticula after Long-Term Cycling, A Case Report}, abstract ={Urethral diverticula are rare in males and most are acquired. Herein we are reporting a young boy with history of two years professional cycling and complained about urinary incontinency especially during cycling and, post-void dribbling successfully managed by surgical excision of bulbar urethra diverticulum.}, Keywords = {Urethral diverticulae, Urinary incontinence, Post void dribbling Male, Cycling}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {79-82}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-375-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-375-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {ShayestehAzar, Shadi and Amjadi, Shayan and Osia, Mohammad and Mohammadnejad, Fatemeh and Jafarpour, Hame}, title = {Spontaneous ::union:: of Femoral Neck Stress Fracture without Surgery}, abstract ={Femoral neck fractures are serious injuries that are associated with high mortality and morbidity. Considerable controversy still exists for best treatment of non-displaced (Garden I and Garden II) fractures. Our case is a 34-year-old woman with Garden type II femoral neck fracture, who refused all surgical options and willingly ignored her problem. The patient received subcutaneous injections of 20 mcg Teriparatidefor 6 weeks. 3 months later she returned to our center with uneventful recovery of her fracture. Although rigid internal fixation of femoral neck fractures has long been the cornerstone of treatment, especially in non-impacted cases, non-operative management does not mean a poor result.}, Keywords = {Femoral Neck Fracture, Stress Fracture, Non-Displaced Fracture, Non-Operative Treatment}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {83-88}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-376-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-376-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Aliasgharpour, Mehri}, title = {Technical Points in Vitamin D Measurement Assays}, abstract ={Abstract Background and aim: Major sources for vitamin D (Vit D3& Vit D2) in humans are skin and diet. Vitamin D is needed to maintain calcium concentrations within a narrow physiologic range and its status is assessed by measuring total serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH) D metabolite. Despite the availability of many methods including High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Liquid Chromatography -Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and different immunoassays, the sensitivities and specifications of these vary considerably. Methods: For the present paper, electronic databases including; PubMed, Scopus, Scientific Information Database, and etc during years 2000 to 2019 were selected and related papers were reviewed. Results: The investigations indicated significant laboratory variation on the values generated for the 25(OH) D metabolite measurement in the same specimen using different methods and assays. Conclusion: In summary, the choice to which assay or method to use for routine serum vitamin D determination will depend on the available equipment and expertise of each laboratory. In addition, to the contribution of different international programs for vitamin D metabolites measurement- to minimize inter assay and intra assay laboratory variations- it is suggested to use a suitable commercial serum control materials along with the manufacture’s quality control material for vitamin D routine determinations. So that each laboratory can establish its own assay specific clinical decision limits based on the institute of medicine recommendations for low and upper safe limits of vitamin D.}, Keywords = {Vitamin D- Immunoassay- Accuracy- Precision- Sensitivity - Specificity}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {1-5}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-393-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-393-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Jangjou, Ali and Izadpanah, Peym}, title = {Prediction of the need for laparotomy considering clinical and laboratory findings in abdominal blunt trauma patients referred to Rajaei hospital in year 2017 and 2018}, abstract ={Background and aim: Trauma is the most common cause of death in persons aged 1-44 years and the third most common cause of death regardless of age. Abdominal trauma is one of the most prevalent cases of trauma. Laparatomy is a therapeutic method which is applied for abdominal trauma. The aim of this study was prediction of the need for laparotomy considering clinical and laboratory findings in abdominal blunt trauma patients referred to Rajaei hospital. Methods: This retrospective study was done on all patients who had undergone emergency laparatomy in at Shahid Rajaei hospital at Shiraz for abdominal trauma during, the years 2017-2018.The data were collected through a questionnaire. The statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 21. P value was significant if was less than 0.05. Results: Of the 81 trauma patients who had undergone laparotomy, 66 cases (81.5%) was male and 15 (18.5%) was female. 95.1% of laparotomies were positive. Patients who had positive laparotomy had lower systolic blood pressure (p=0.02), Glasgow coma scale (GCS) (p<0.001) and hemoglobin (p=0.03) and higher respiratory rate (p=0.04). Spleen and liver were the common damage organs. Conclusion: This study showed that blood pressure, GCS, hemoglobin and respiratory rate can predict the need for laparotomy.}, Keywords = {Laparotomy, blunt trauma, abdominal trauma}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {6-11}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-394-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-394-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Shakir, Abas Nazar and Alwan, Eman Hussei}, title = {Prevalence of Keratoconus in Patients with Astigmatism more than Two Diopters: A Cross-Sectional Study}, abstract ={Background and aim: Keratoconus is defined as a non-inflammatory disorder which is prevalent among younger generations and leads to ocular morbidity and decreased quality of life. The present study was aimed at investigating the prevalence of keratoconus among patients with astigmatism of over 2 diopters and the association between its prevalence and some ocular parameters. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 50 patients (100 eyes) with astigmatism >2D who referred to the outpatient clinic of Ophthalmology Department in Hawler and Rizgary Teaching Hospital in Erbil in 2017-2018 were recruited. All of the patients underwent a complete ophthalmic examination including refraction, visual acuity measurement, slit lamp biomicroscopy, and corneal topography with Galilei. The collected data were analyzed through thickness and elevation maps of Galilei and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0. Results: The mean age of the patients was 25.27 years. The mean magnitude of astigmatism was found to be 4.015±1.83051D. Of the 100 studied eyes, 21% were found to have keratoconus. According to the results of corneal biomicroscopy, thinning of stroma was observed in 21 eye, followed by Vogt’s striae and Fleischer ring in 8 and 6 eyes, respectively. The most frequent corneal patterns were symmetric bowtie (49%), asymmetric bowtie inferior steeping (15%), and asymmetric bowtie with skewed steepest radial axis (12%). No significant relationship was found between age and keratoconus occurrence. Also, keratoconus development was not significantly associated with right/left eye. However, corneal topography patterns and corneal biomicroscopy findings were significantly correlated with keratoconus occurrence. Conclusion: Keratoconus is relatively high among patients aged 15-40 years with astigmatism >2D, which can reliably be predicted through thinning of stroma and symmetric bowtie pattern.}, Keywords = {keratoconus, subclinical keratoconus, astigmatism, corneal topography, corneal tomography,}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {12-22}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-395-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-395-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Rastgoo, Alireza and Jooya, Avi}, title = {Association between Helicobacter Pylori Infection in the Gastric Mucosa and Severity of Gastric Inflammation in Children and Teenagers}, abstract ={Background and aim: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterial infection which is highly likely to be developed during childhood. The present study was conducted aiming to examine the degree of H. pylori colonization in gastric mucosa and its association with the severity of gastritis in children and adolescents. Method: The present study examined 1006 biopsy samples of children and adolescents under the age of 18 who visited Hamedan Be’sat Hospital from 2011 to the end of 2018 while showing chronic gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting as well as weak responses to medications regarding presence and severity of H. pylori, histological findings of gastritis severity, active and non-active gastritis types as well as atrophy and metaplasia. Results: Out of 1006 biopsies, it was found that 766 samples (76.1%) had different degrees of H. pylori colonization. Moreover, it was revealed that the highest degree of H. pylori was moderate (49.9%) in the group with mean age of 8.94, and, moreover, the lowest degree of H. pylori belonged to the rare (1.9%) and severe (2.5%) categories in the mean age groups of 7 and 10.48, respectively. Also, it was found that the highest and lowest gastritis degrees were non-atrophic (46.7%) and atrophic (0.2%). Other gastritis types were respectively erosive gastritis (0.4%), lymphocytic (0.4%), ulcer (0.4%), hemorrhagic (0.4%) and reactive gastritis (1.7%). According to findings, as age increases, so does the prevalence of H. pylori colonization and active inflammation. A significant relationship was reported to be between severity of H. pylori and gastritis. It was, moreover, indicated that moderate and severe gastritis occurred more in moderate and severe colonization of H. pylori (p<0.001). The prevalence of atrophy and metaplasia were 0.2 and 0.1, respectively. Conclusion: H. pylori colonization is followed by severity of gastritis, activity as well as chronic abdominal and intestinal complications. Given the high prevalence of this infection in the developing countries and high risks of its acquisition in childhood, it can impose a higher economic and medical burden on the society.}, Keywords = {Helicobacter Pylori, Gastritis, Children}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {23-30}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-396-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-396-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {KARAHAN, Elif and TAŞDEMİR, Nurten and ÇELİK, Sevim}, title = {Factors Influencing Compliance with Isolation Precautions among Nurses who Work in Turkish Surgical Clinics}, abstract ={Abstract Background: It is stated that hospital infections violating patient safety constitute an important problem in developed and developing countries all around the world. The aim of this study is to examine the compliance with isolation precautions of nurses working in surgical clinics. Methods: This is a descriptive study. The study was performed with 190 nurses working in surgical clinics. The questionnaire consisted of demographic, infection and isolation questions and the Turkish version of “The Isolation Precautions Compliance Scale” was used. Results: The average score of the nurses' isolation precautions compliance scale is 70.87 ± 10.01. There was a negatively significant negative correlation between the age of nurses the total duration of the study and the total score of isolation precautions compliance scale. Nurses who received orientation and in-service training on isolation measures had a significantly higher total score on the isolation precautions compliance scale. Conclusion: It was found that nurses had high compliance scores on the isolation measures.}, Keywords = {Compliance with infection precautions, infection, nurses, surgical clinic}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {31-39}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-397-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-397-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {HamaSalih, Khali}, title = {Factors Affecting Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus among Children in Sulaimani Governorate, Iraq}, abstract ={commonest chronic disorder in childhood. T1DM can lead to long-term complications which can be controlled through glycemic control which is under the influence of several factors such as age, lifestyle, family structure, duration of diabetes, and so forth. In this regard, the present study was carried out in order to specify and examine effective factors in glycemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus among children in Sulaimani governorate, Iraq. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 104 children with T1DM were recruited and the required data on their sociodemographic characteristics and glycocyted hemoglobin (HbA1c) were collected. Afterwards, the association between different factors and glycemic control was examined through Chi-square test, Student’s t-test, ANOVA, and Fisher’s exact test using SPSS 25.0. Results: The results of data analysis indicated that there was a significant relationship between the T1DM children’s glycemic control and their age (p=0.005), while it had no significant association with other factors including sex, celiac disease, BMI, family economic status, father education level, and mother education level (p>0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, glycemic control was significantly affected by the children’s age. Therefore, this factorshould be paid more attention to while treating children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.}, Keywords = {type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), glycemic control, children, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), Sulaimani}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {40-49}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-398-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-398-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {MirsaifiFard, Leila Sadat and RafieeAshiani, Afsaneh and Fadaei, Mohammad and Bavafa, Amir and karamian, Elham}, title = {Comparison of Hexaco Personality Model and Self-Compassion in Clinical Depressed and Normal People in Isfahan}, abstract ={Background and aim: Depression is a form of mood disorder characterized by symptoms of low energy, energy loss and interest, feeling guilty, difficulty concentrating, infertility, thoughts of death and suicide, insomnia or Hypersomnia, significant weight loss, and functional impairment. The purpose of the study was to compare the Hexaco personality model and self-compassion in clinical depressed and normal people in Isfahan. Methods: The research method is causal-comparative. The statistical population of this study was people with clinical depression and normal people in Isfahan. Sampling was done in an accessible manner. In total, 50 patients in the clinical depression group and 80 in the normal group were selected after the process. The research instrument was the Self-Compassion Scale (2003) and Hexaco Personality Questionnaire (2004). Data were analyzed using SPSS-22 software. Results: The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed a significant difference between two groups of normal and clinical depression in self-compassion and Hexaco personality dimensions (p <0.05). ETA is 989/0. The results showed that there was a significant difference in terms of Hexaco personality dimensions between normal and clinical depressions (p <0.05). Also, there was a significant difference in the mean self-compassion between normal and clinical depressions (p <0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, it was found that people with clinical depression and normal people are different in terms of Hexaco personality dimensions and self-compassion, and with the strengthening of their self-compassion and positive personality dimensions in HexaCo's model, the severity of depression can be reduced.}, Keywords = {Hexaco Personality Dimensions, Self-Compassion, Clinical Depression, Normal People}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {50-60}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-399-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-399-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Rahimi, Masome and Nouri, Robabeh and Raimi, Mozhg}, title = {The effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) approach on quality of life and hemoglobin A1c among patients with type 2 diabetes}, abstract ={Background and aim: Diabetes is a chronic disease which is accompanied by high risk of disability and mortality, especially when it does not comply with the individual’s lifestyle. The present study was conducted by the aim of investigating the effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) approach on quality of life and hemoglobin A1c among patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: The current study was conducted by semi-experimental method with pretest-posttest with control group design in which 30 patients referring to specialized diabetes clinic of Dr. Gharazi subspecialty hospital were assigned into two experiment and control groups through random sampling method. First, for examining lack of Axis-I disorders in patients, a structured interview questionnaire (SCID-I), and then the diabetes quality of life questionnaire (DQL) and hemoglobin A1c test were administered for both experiment and control groups. Afterwards, the acceptance and commitment therapy was provided for the experiment group in 10 120-minute sessions. After administering the therapy, both groups completed the diabetes quality of life questionnaire and hemoglobin A1c test again. Results: The mean of the experimental group was higher in the quality of life than the control group and decreased in the hemoglobin A1c. The effect of the interventional factor on quality of life was not statistically significant and the independent variable has not caused differences among the groups (P=0.859). The effect of intervention on Hemoglobin A1C was statistically significant and the independent variable caused differences among the groups (P=.046). Conclusion: The acceptance and commitment therapy, in 10 sessions, can significantly decrease hemoglobin A1c which, eventually, leads to decrease in diabetes complications and patient’s recovery, reduced mortality, reduced direct and indirect expenses for the patient, the patient’s family and the health care system of the country.}, Keywords = {acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), quality of life, hemoglobin A1c, patients with type 2 diabetes.}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {61-69}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-400-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-400-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Shayestehazar, Masoud and Kariminasab, Mohammad Hossein and Ghaffari, Salman and Razavipoor, Mehran and khademloo, Mohammad and Tofighi, Mohamm}, title = {Treatment Evaluation of Acetabulum Fractures in Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari, 2006-2016}, abstract ={Background and aim: The acetabulum fracture is caused by severe and energetic shock and, despite proper treatment, may lead to impaired joint function and disability. The reduction of the acetabulum fracture and the maintenance and stability of the hip joint are the most important therapeutic factors that contribute to the results of the next, joint function and ability of the patient. In this study, the long-term results of the acetabulum fractures treated surgically and non-surgically, At Imam Khomeini Hospital, Sari, in the ten years from 2006 to 2016. Methods: In a 10-year review, retrospective study of patients with acetabulum fractures referring to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari from 2006 to 2016 was evaluated. Patients undergoing surgical or non-surgical treatment were included in the study. After the visit, Harris scores were recorded and evaluated by statistical methods. Results: 65 patients were enrolled in this study. In this study, 43 patients were treated with non-operative conditions and 22 patients undergoing surgery. 53 patients (81.5%) were men and 12 (18.5%) were women. The average Harris score for patients with chorea surgery was 79.7 ± 18.8 and in the non-surgical group Harris score was 18.48 ± 81.9. Conclusion: Patients referring to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari revealed that patients with displaced fracture need surgery and ORIF, and if the disease does not have surgical procedures due to the conditions, the results of the treatment for patients will be poor.}, Keywords = {Acetabulum fracture, surgical treatment, Non-surgical treatment, Harris score}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {70-75}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-401-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-401-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Mirseifyfard, Leila Sadat and Goli, Zahra Sadat}, title = {The Effectiveness of Life Skills Training on Depression and Anxiety in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes}, abstract ={Background and aim: Diabetes illness is one of the most common disorders in which psychological aspects play an important role in their development and development. Negative excitements such as anxiety and depression have been identified in diabetes. One of the ways to reduce negative emotions in patients is to teach life skills .The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of life skills training on decreasing depression and anxiety in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was a trial and control group and a pretest design, a post-test with a three-month follow-up. The statistical population of all type II diabetic patients was referred to Ravand clinic of Kashan. In this study, patients who had more scores in the scale of depression and anxiety were selected according to entry criteria for a sample size of 30 people and were randomly assigned into two groups of experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 10 sessions of intervention in a group and control subjects were included in the waiting list. Both groups responded to the Beck Depression and Anxiety Scale before and after the experiment and were evaluated again after three months. To analyze the data, repeated measures variance analysis were used. Results: The results showed that life skills training significantly decreased the level of depression (F = 10.70, P = 0.003) and anxiety (F = 15.62, p = 0.001), and the results were also observed in the follow up phase was stable. Conclusion: In general, the use of life skills training helps to raise awareness and change the attitudes of people and, ultimately, reduce disease.}, Keywords = {Life skills training, Depression, Anxiety, Type 2 diabetes}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {76-83}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-402-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-402-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {EbrahimzadehHassanabadi, Mehran and Rezaei, Fateme and Emadian, Mahan and Moaddabi, Amirhossei}, title = {Radiographic Evaluation for the Prevalence of Taurodontism in Iranian Population in 2018}, abstract ={Background and aim: Taurodontism is one of the Morpho-Anatomical changes in the Shape of one or more Molars or pre molars. In this situation; the tooth's pulp chamber grows as big as the size of the root length. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of taurodont teeth by the use of panoramic radiographs. Methods: This is a cross-sectional Study which is done on panoramic radiographs of the Patients referring to dental School Clinic. 493 panoramic radiographs for the patients age between 10 to 60 was evaluated randomly. The teeth were evaluated based on the criteria described by Schiffman and chanelle. In order to determine the general prevalence of taurodontism, the proportion of taurodont teeth was calculated to the total number of subjects and was reported in percentage of Cases. To compare the prevalence of Taurodontism in Maxilla and Mandible and in left or right Sections, chi-square Test was used. Also for determining the difference of severity of taurodontism in Jaw and quarted Chi-Square test was administered. Results: 23 patients (67.4%) and (49.3%) of Studied teeth, had Taurodontism. According to Chi-square test, there is no meaningful relationship between gender variables and prevalence of taurodontism (p value = 0.267) The most prevalence of taurodontism was 83,47% simultaneously in Maxillary right first and second Molars, mandibullary left first and second Molars and as so maxillary left first molar and mandibular right First molar with 35,4% had the lowest prevalence. Conclusion: in this study taurodontism was recognized in 23patients. The prevalence is estimated 67.4%.}, Keywords = {taurodontism, prevalence, radiography, panoramic}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {84-90}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-403-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-403-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Tamannaeifar, Mohammadreza and Hossainpanah, Marzieh}, title = {Psychological Effects of Spiritual Intelligence and Creativity on Happiness}, abstract ={Background and aim: The role of happiness and its sustained positive outcomes is evident in various aspects of life. Therefore, it is important to identify the factors affecting happiness. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of spiritual intelligence and creativity in happiness of students. Methods: This was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population of this study is all second-grade high school students in Karaj city in the academic year of 2017-2018. 414 students were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHI), King's Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire (SISRI), and Abedi's Creativity Questionnaire (TC) were used for collecting data. Results: The results showed that there is a significant correlation between spiritual intelligence and happiness (r = 0.43), between creativity and happiness (r = 0.40), between spiritual intelligence and creativity (r = 0.53). The results of regression analysis showed that spiritual intelligence and creativity predict 22% of happiness variance. Conclusion: The production of personal meaning (the component of spiritual intelligence) and fluidity and innovation (the components of creativity) are strong predictors for happiness.}, Keywords = {Happiness, Spiritual Intelligence, Creativity, Flexibility}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {91-107}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-405-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-405-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Elhami, Samira and Kasmaee, Elham and Rostami, Marzieh and SeyediAlirezaee, Seyede Hamdam}, title = {Investigating the Predictive Role of Thinking Styles and Ineffective Parenting Attitudes on Child Anxiety}, abstract ={Background and aim:Theoretical models emphasize the role of parenting behaviors in the growth and survival of child anxiety. One of the most important predictors of parental behavior that has so far not been widely studied in children's anxiety disorders is parent's knowledge and beliefs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive role of mothers' thinking styles and their parenting attitudes on child anxiety. Methods: For this purpose, 234 mothers of 6 years old children (girls and boys) were selected from preschool centers in Mashhad through cluster sampling and they filled up Sternberg Thinking Styles Questionnaire, Adult Adolescent Parenting List (AAPI-2), and a Spence Children's Anxiety Scale Questionnaire (SCAS) and Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that second-order thinking styles of mothers, especially conservative thinking style, positively predict child anxiety. Inappropriate expectations of the child and the lack of empathy with the child's needs predict the child's anxiety positively. Conclusion: Combining the style of conservative thinking with inappropriate expectations and the lack of empathy with the needs of the child, better predicts anxiety.}, Keywords = {1-Thinking styles 2- Parenting attitudes 3- Children's anxiety}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {108-119}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-406-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-406-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Oudat, Mazen and AlDomour, Aktham and AlShiab, Awni and AlAdamat, Mohamad and AlEtan, Shahir and AlDwarii, Abed Rahim}, title = {Neurological Disorders due to Recurrent Hypoglycemia}, abstract ={The most important material for the brain tissues is glucose .The brain utilizes around (25%) of the body's glucose, and it's metabolism thought to be primarily by astrocytes through non-insulin dependent (GLUT-1) transporter and insulin dependent (GLUT-4) transporter, but the brain contains very limited stores of glycogen, and therefore it can't regulate it's function for long time without glucose. So neuronal damage can lead to multiple neurological manifestations as a result of hypoglycemia acutely; stroke like symptoms, movement disorders (tremor, ataxia, difficulty of walking), seizures, coma and death; chronically and repetitive leads to cognitive impairment. Which means clinical picture appears according to the area of neuronal damage.}, Keywords = {NMDA receptor: N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor, WM: White Matter, ischemia, neuronal DNA, Hypoxia, Basal ganglia, cerebral peduncle.}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {120-125}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-407-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-407-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Mehrabadi, Shima and Sadr, Seyed Shahabeddin and Hoseini, Marj}, title = {Stem Cell Conditioned Medium as a Novel Treatment for Neuroinflamation Diseases}, abstract ={Inflammation is a most important factor that mentioned as causes of many neurodegeneration disease like Parkinson, Alzheimer and ALS. Neuroinflammation is poorly understood like neuroinflamation in Alzheimer and Parkinson. Studies showed that even chronic peripheral inflammation that observe in many diseases like arthritis can cause neurodegeneration and dementia in some cases. The neuroinflammation in many dementia diseases are local and information is limited about it. One of the most important treatments for dementia diseases like Alzheimer is the use of anti-inflammatory drugs like NSAIDS but unfortunately they have poor therapeutic effects on neuroinflammation. Recent studies investigated that conditioned medium extracted from mesenchymal stem cells have neuromodulator effects even could prevent neurodegeneration in some cases. In this study we review effects of mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium in different central nervous system (CNS) disease associated with neuroinflammation.}, Keywords = {Neuroinflammation, Stem cell, Conditioned Medium, Neurodegenerative disease}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {1-12}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-421-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-421-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Bagherian, Farhad and Hosseini, Seyed Adel}, title = {Burnout and Job Satisfaction in the Emergency Department Staff: A Review Focusing On Emergency Physicians}, abstract ={Training and the procedure of emergency medicine are stressful attempts that put doctors of emergency medicine at the risk for burnout. Burnout syndrome leads to negative results for patients, institutions and the doctor. This review article was conducted with purpose of exploring burnout and its associated factors in the emergency department staff, especially emergency physicians. Emergency physicians have higher levels of burnout compared with doctors in general. Employees in emergency department complain about higher role overload because of shortages in critical staff, budgetary cuts and higher number of patient and acuity. Overload like this might compromise satisfaction of the staff with their job environment. Both job-related (work hours, years of experience, activities for professional development, non-clinical tasks, etc.) and non-job-related factors (age, gender, lifestyle factors, etc.) are correlated with burnout. Job-related stressors have been stated to be related to higher risk of depression and suicide, intra-personal conflict and aggressiveness, as well as lower working performance and staff self-confidence, low quality of healthcare and lower experience and skill level among the staff. In conclusion, no enough data exits on prevention of burnout among emergency department nurses and physicians and new studies should be done. Factors that cause burnout in various emergency medicine populations should be evaluated, and proper interventions should be designed to lower burnout.}, Keywords = {Burnout, Stress, Emergency, Job Satisfaction. }, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {13-20}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-424-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-424-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Mehrabadi, Shim}, title = {Interaction between Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract ={Gut microbiota and also probiotics have a lot of interaction with immune system and can effect on immune homeostasis. Any changes in the level of gut microbiota or food probiotics can change immune system functions. Some recent studies indicated that disruption in level of the microbes can induce releasing of many pro-inflammatory factors and cause extensive inflammation in CNS. Unfortunately, the mechanisms of this process is not understood well and limited studies were done for detecting the relationship between gut microbiota and probiotics with neurological disorders associated with neuroinflammation. In this review, we gathered recent researches about this relationship to have a comprehensive look to effect of gut microbiota and diet probiotics in neuroinflammatory disorders and Multiple sclerosis as an important neuroinflammation disease.}, Keywords = {Gut microbiota, Multiple sclerosis, Neuroinflammation, Probiotic}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {21-28}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-427-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-427-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Parhiz, Seyyed Hossein and Zamanzadeh, Maryam and Ahmadi, Mahshid and Arabi, Mohsen and Zamanfar, Daniel}, title = {The Relationship between Body Mass Index and Dental Development in 5 to 6 Years Old Children in Sari}, abstract ={Introduction: Obesity is one of the major health problems in children due to changes in lifestyle and diet. Obesity in children and adolescents is associated with stature growth, and bone age. In addition, children who are under- or overweigh may be related to changes in tooth eruption. This study aimed to determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and number of permanent teeth in children. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed preschool to investigate the 5 to 6 years old children in Sari city from May 2019 to June 2019. The date of birth of children was obtained from the school records on the examination day. The necessary explanations about the study are given to participants and after their consent, the examinations were carried out. SPSS software version 24 was used for statistical analysis and the significance level was considered p<0.05. Findings: A survey of 483 children in preschool centers in Sari showed that BMI had a range of 11.1-27.6 with a median of 15.4 (14.4-16.9). The age, height, weight and BMI were similar between the two sexes (p>0.05). According to Phakala criterion, there was no significant difference in the number of permanent teeth and first molars between girls and boys (p<0.05). Also, the value of dmft was not significantly different between boys and girls (p <0.05). There were statistically significant differences in count of permanent teeth according to the main criterion, dt and mt between the different weight groups (p=0.047). In addition, there was a significant correlation between BMI and number of permanent teeth, and dmft value (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that permanent teeth may erupt earlier in obese children, which clarifies the need for periodic dental examinations in this group of children. Also, BMI correlates with permanent teeth eruption and dmft value, so that the more weight gain may be results in the more eruption of permanent teeth and lower dmft values.}, Keywords = {Overweight, Children, Permanent Tooth, Eruption}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {29-39}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-422-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-422-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Sadeghian, Abbas and Moghadam, Kokab Basiri and Baradaran, Raheleh and Esmaeilzadeh, Mohammad Hossei}, title = {Evaluation of the Relationship between Prenatal Anxiety and Intra-cesarean Hemorrhage}, abstract ={Introduction: Anxiety is one of the most common mental disorders during pregnancy that is more prevalent in the first and third trimesters than in the second trimester. One of the most common methods of delivery in the world, especially Iran, is cesarean section, which is an independent agent of anxiety. Because one of the major complications of cesarean section is bleeding, we sought to investigate the relationship between prenatal anxiety and intra-cesarean bleeding.   Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 90 pregnant mothers who were candidates for cesarean section in June 2019 referred to Allameh Bohlol Hospital in Gonabad, who had a 39-week gestational age and were candidate for normal pregnancy and were candidates for cesarean section with spinal anesthesia. They were included in the study using available method. Then the questionnaire containing demographic and anxiety characteristics of Spielberger was given to the subjects and their vital signs, hemoglobin and hematocrit before and after surgery and the amount of bleeding during cesarean section were measured and recorded and the correlation between anxiety and bleeding was assessed by tests. Statistical analysis and linear regression were calculated.   Findings: In the present study, 90 mothers participated in study, mean age of 31.13±4.01 years, majority had diploma and under diploma (53.3%), mean weight of 73.92±10.20 and duration Cesarean section was 56/18±12/61. Based on Spielberger's anxiety test, preoperative anxiety level was 48.20±4.68 and bleeding during cesarean section was 221.33±62.8 cc. The Pearson correlation test showed a significant relationship between the amount of bleeding during cesarean section. (P <0.05).   Conclusion: Anxiety is present in pregnant women who are candidates for cesarean section and have a significant relationship with bleeding during cesarean section. Therefore, preoperative care to reduce anxiety in pregnant women is recommended for cesarean section.}, Keywords = {Cesarean section, Anxiety, Prenatal anxiety, Bleeding. }, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {40-46}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-423-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-423-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {HassanZadeh, Farhad and HabibiAsl, Bohlool}, title = {An Investigation In To the Effect of Buprenorphine Tablet on Drug Rehabilitation Clinics in Tabriz}, abstract ={Introduction: One of the typical ways of drug rehabilitation in Iran is the usage of Buprenorphine tablets in drug rehabilitation clinics under the supervision of Practitioner. As the Buprenorphine acts as partial agonists in opioid receptors of the body, thus this medicine is used as the preservative in the dependence on opioid substances and leads to the elimination of the symptoms of drug rehabilitation among people giving up the substances. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of Buprenorphine among the addicted people to opium with daily usage of less than 3 grams in drug rehabilitation clinics in Tabriz. Methods: This research is carried out as a field study in ten top drug rehabilitation clinics according to the protocol of Tabriz University of medical science. Among existing files in clinics, people with daily opium usage of 3 grams or less were investigated. Patients’ information was collected using questionnaires containing nineteen (19) items and analyzed by SPSS software version 19. Findings: Findings indicate that the age range of (30 to 40) and harsh job situation increase the risk of addiction to opium. No evidence of giving up opium usage in replacement of Buprenorphine was observed. Factors like marital status and smoking are among the risk factors of tendency towards drug. Conclusion: It seems that Buprenorphine tablets with dosage of 4 mg on daily basis are effective among opium-addicted people with less than 3 grams and could lead to eliminate the giving up symptoms and success of the treatment. As a preservative treatment, it also leads to more stability and coherence in the families and makes the people return to their jobs and society as well.}, Keywords = {Addiction, Opium, Buprenorphine}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {47-54}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-425-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-425-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Sabzi, Amir Hamzeh and Karami, Kobra and Damanpak, Samaneh}, title = {The Effect of Vestibular Training on the Quality of Life and Components of Physical Fitness in the Inactive Elderly}, abstract ={Introduction: The aim of this research was to determine the effect of twelve sessions of Vestibular training on the quality of life and physical fitness components in the inactive elderly.   Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with the pretest, post-test and control group, in which 30 inactive male volunteers over age 60 were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. In order to assess the quality of life, agility and strength of the lower extremity, a questionnaire, a TUG test, and sit-to-stand test were used. The exercise protocol included Vestibular training for twelve sessions, three sessions per week and 60 minutes each session. Data obtained from pre-test and post-test measurements were analyzed using covariance analysis.   Findings: There was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the post-test regarding the quality of life, agility and strength of the lower extremity.   Conclusion: Vestibular training interventions for 12 weeks can improve the quality of life and the components of physical fitness of elderly men.}, Keywords = {Vestibular Training, Elderly, Physical Fitness, Quality of Life, Intervention}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {55-67}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-426-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-426-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {MohamadiBajgirani, Fatemeh sadat and Usefi, Zahr}, title = {An Investigation In To the Relation between Job Burnout and the Level of Depression}, abstract ={Trainer of pseudo-family centers is an evident instance of occupations in which a person, devote a huge amount of his / her time to the kids of pseudo-family. Instead of being challenging, active and inventive, this job could be in some cases tiresome and boring which can lead to decrease the sense of deserve and the performance of the trainer and eventually resulting in to the depression of the trainer and reducing the desired level of kids education in pseudo family centers. The aim of current study is to examine the relation between job burnout with the level of depression and the experience (number of years) of the trainers of pseudo family centers in the cities of Lanjan and Mobarakeh.  This research is applicable in terms of objective and is correlative in terms of descriptive method, which uses a questionnaire among 30 woman- trainers in pseudo-family centers in Lanjan and Mobarakeh in 2018. The results of the research indicate that job burnout has significant and positive relationship with the age of the trainers and their experience.}, Keywords = {Job burnout, Clinical depression, Pseudo family,}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {68-76}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-431-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-431-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Abdi, Shokrie and Teymori, Saei}, title = {Revision of Relationship between Harassment and Anxiety Syndrome in Young Girl Teenagers}, abstract ={This research has conducted to revise relationship between abuse and the anxiety syndrome on young girl students. A descriptive-correlational study. population of this research is included 173 of young girl students at the level of second high school from the forth district of mashhad that has chosen by multistage cluster sampling and using morgan table، childhood impact quetionary، CTQ، (1)، and emotional disorders questionary،ُSCARED، to obtain data. Findings has analyzed by SPSS، pearson’s coefficient test and step by step multivariate regression. Results conculded that there is positive and meaningful relationship between child abuse،unnourishment and sentimental child abuse but there is no relationship between physical child abuse and mental،functional obsession.  Default had no quiet meaningful relationship with social emotional disorder. p<0/05. Other relations are positive and meaningful. Results also denoted that experiment of abuse is able to predict emotional syndrome inside population p<0/05 and p<0/01. Confidential and governmental organizations related to children should give precedence to increase awareness and necessary trainings to parents which is required to avoid child abused and subsequent disorders in society.}, Keywords = { Experience Of Abuse, Anxiety Syndrome, Teenagers , Girl Students. }, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {77-90}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-432-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-432-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Zahedi, Mohammad and Abounoori, Mahdi and Maddah, Mohammad Moein and Mirabi, Ali and Sadeghnezhad, Reza and Rezaei, Ali Akbar and Goli, Hamid Rez}, title = {Evaluation of Bacterial Nosocomial Infections and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern: A 2-year Epidemiological Surveillance Study in a Hospital Population}, abstract ={Introduction: Hospital infections and bacterial antibiotic resistance are numerous issues that have been reported worldwide over the years and lead to costly and long-term treatment options. The purpose of this study was to survey the prevalence of nosocomial bacterial infections and antibiotic resistance patterns of the bacteria in hospitalized patients admitted to a teaching hospital in the north of Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study performed by using available data and census methods on all patients with nosocomial infections (NIs) who were admitted to BO-ALI SINA hospital from March 2017 to March 2018. MS Excel 2016 and SPSS version 16.0 were used for statistical analysis. Findings: Out of 517 patients with positive bacterial cultures, 57.3% were female. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Klebsiella pneumonia were the most prevalent agents of NIs. The highest infection rate in hospital wards was observed in internal medicine, neurology, and intensive care units, respectively. E. coli showed the highest resistance rate against ampicillin (88.7%) and cephalexin (74.2%). Conclusion: Early recognition of the infections with proper infection control procedures can significantly decrease the incidence of nosocomial infections in hospitals. Various studies have shown that antibiotic resistance patterns are different in dissimilar regions. Increasing the antibiotic resistance can be a sign of improper use of antibiotics, indicating the need for more attention to it. Our findings can help physicians and health care staff to have better treatment options against the bacterial NIs.}, Keywords = {Nosocomial Infection, Antibiotic Resistance, Hospital,Bacteria. }, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {91-103}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-433-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-433-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {İlisulu, Ceren and Uz, Sinem and Koruyucu, Mine and Seymen, Fige}, title = {Early Interceptive Orthodontic Treatments: Case Series}, abstract ={Background: Early orthodontic treatment is important to guide dentitions during the development of a functional and morphological occlusion. Anterior dental crossbite and thumb sucking habits can be treated by interceptive orthodontic treatment modalities that are a method to restore a normal occlusion when a malocclusion has started to occur.   Case Presentations: The cases shown are ranging from the age of 7-9 years presenting in mixed dentition development. This article presents six cases of anterior crossbite corrected by using removal acrylic appliances with Z spring and two cases of thumb sucking habits corrected by using palatal crib. Recall examination after 6 months displayed normal occlusal relationship without any relaps.   Conclusion: Paediatric dentists have  important role to diagnose malocclusions early. Early interceptive orthodontic treatment can potentially eliminate the need for future complicated and costly orthodontic treatment.  }, Keywords = {Interceptive Orthodontic, Anterior Crossbite, Thumb Sucking, Palatal Crib. }, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {104-111}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-428-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-428-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Ghaffari, Salman and Razavipour, Mehran and Shayestehazar, Masoud and Ghadiri, Abolfazl}, title = {Femoral Neck Fracture in a Three-Year-Old Child; Case Report}, abstract ={Background: Femoral neck fracture is a rare complication that compromise less than 1% of the all children's fractures. There are different systems to classify it. The Delbet classification system is the most common system for describing femoral neck fractures in children, identifying its variants helps predict complications and make medical decisions. Our aim in this study is to introduce a rare form of femoral neck fractures associated with displacement in children that is not in any of the common categories.   Case Presentations: The patient is a 3-year-old girl with a right femoral neck fracture due to an accident. At first, a closed reduction was performed under General anesthesia, but because of failure, open surgery was performed. During the operation, a detached piece of the superior part of the femoral neck along with physis, was seen apart from other parts, which after reduction was fixed by two pins.  at the end, aSpica cast was used and eventually, after two days, the child was discharged in a good general condition.   Conclusion: Since our report introduces a new type of femoral neck fracture in children that is not in the Delbet classification, it is suggested that this type of fracture be added to the classification.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {112-120}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-429-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-429-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Aliasgharpour, Mehri}, title = {From Epsom Salt to a Beneficial Mineral ; Magnesium}, abstract ={Introduction: One of the most popular medical drugs with  healing  ability is Epsom salt  that is  hydrated magnesium sulphate;MgSo4.7H2o.   Magnesium  is the fourth most abundant  mineral  in the body and the second intracellular cation after potassium. In minute amounts it is necessary for body’s proper metabolism  and function. Magnesium homeostasis in the body is maintained by a delicate interplay among intestinal absorption, skeletal resorption, renal reabsorption and urinary excretion. At cellular level magnesium is a cofactor as well as an activator   in almost all enzymatic systems that regulates diverse biochemical reactions in the body. In addition, magnesium is essential for  the  conversion of vitamin D  into its active form  which in turn activated vitamin D can increase intestinal absorption of magnesium  and calcium influencing the growth and maintenance of bones. Serum magnesium concentration estimation is a poor predictor of intracellular magnesium content and may not accurately reflect the status of body’s total magnesium content. The present article will review  magnesium deficiency  and its  role in   vitamin D activations.   Methods: An integrated review format was chosen for present article and many medical and scientific literature on magnesium and its essential role in health and interaction/s with vitamin D were reviewed.   Findings: Results indicated that chronic magnesium deficiency   is common among the general population  as well as in the hospitalized patients. It may induce a wide range of clinical complications. Investigations   have  indicated that the activities of three major vitamin D converting enzymes and vitamin D binding proteins are magnesium dependent. Furthermore, magnesium deficiency leads to reduced 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D and impaired parathyroid response.  In general, the effectiveness of vitamin D is significantly reduced when magnesium homeostasis in the body is not maintained.   Conclusion: It is concluded that chronic magnesium deficiency should always be considered in different clinical complications. Taking magnesium supplementations could be beneficial to prevent recurrence of  the diseases.  Moreover, the general population should be encouraged  to consume magnesium-containing foods to reduce disease burden.   Further investigations are necessary in regard to  vitamin D and magnesium interaction/s. They may include observations  to determine the adequate  magnesium dose  as well as  studies on the  more effective type of magnesium supplementation for vitamin D processing.}, Keywords = {Epsom salt, Chronic magnesium deficiency, Vitamin D, Magnesium supplementation}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {1-8}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-446-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-446-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Saadat, Payam and Hojjati, Seyed Mohammad Masood and Khatir, Ali Alizadeh and Ahangar, Alijan Ahmadi and Naghshineh, Ho}, title = {Epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review}, abstract ={Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, inflammatory, and chronic disease that develops due to Myelin destruction lesions in the white matter of the brain, the spinal cord and the optic nerve. Due to the impact of the effect of cognition and the epidemiology of MS, our aim is to review the epidemiology of MS.  In this review, by using keywords including Multiple Sclerosis and through searches on valid scientific databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Ovid Medline and WHO site, articles and dissertations from 1990 to 2019 were found and reviewed. The studies show that many factors such as age, gender, geographical location, etc. influence the increasing incidence of MS. In this review, we aimed to review the epidemiology of MS.}, Keywords = {Multiple Sclerosis, Epidemiology, Chronic Disease, Central Nervous System}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {9-15}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-451-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-451-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Zahedi, Mohammad and Khorasani, Seyedeh Saeede Kadkhodazade and Nasirzadeh, Amirreza and Abouali, Reza and Abounoori, Mahdi and Mortazavi, Parham and Sadeghnezhad, Reza and Mohseni, Ali Rez}, title = {Promising Role of CD200 Expression in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Review}, abstract ={One of the most common leukemia in the world is chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). CLL, as an incurable malignant disorder of B-lymphocytes. CD200, formerly known as OX-2, is a type I glycoprotein that is expressed on a variety of cell types. CD200 plays a vital role in the modulation of the immune system and is upregulated on the surface of numerous tumors, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In several studies, it is noted that CD200 was upregulated 1.6- to 5.4-fold in B cells from all patients with B-CLL and may suggest that CD200 upregulation is an early event in the B-CLL disease process. It might conclude that CD200 blocking therapy may be beneficial, and several studies have proven this. We can conclude that CD200 is an excellent prognostic factor that expresses in most CLL patients, and antiCD200 therapeutic interventions can be useful. This literature review article was conducted with the purpose of role of CD200 Expression in the Diagnosis of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.}, Keywords = {Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Prognosis, CD200, diagnosis}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {16-22}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-455-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-455-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Amirchaghmaghi, Maryam and Mozafari, Pegah Mosannen and Mostaan, Leila Vazifeh and Pakdel, Azar Fani and Anaraki, Siavash Zahed and Ghazi, Ala and Eskandari, A}, title = {Causes Of Patient\'s Delay In Diagnosis Of Head And Neck Cancers: A Community-Based Cross Sectional Study In Iran}, abstract ={Backgrounds: Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are among common cancers in the world and also in Iran. Early diagnosis is the most important factor for improving survival in cancer patients. The aim of present study is to evaluate the causes of patient delay in the diagnosis of HNCs at three cancer centers in Mashhad city, Iran.   Methods: One hundred-forty three HNCs from three cancer centers were interviewed in Mashhad. Data obtained by interview and from Medical documents, were entered into a questionnaire and analyzed using Chi-Square, compare means and Correlation tests.   Findings: The study included 143 subjects with HNCs and a mean age of 51.5±18.3. 58% of the patients were males. The mean patient delay was 161.8±380.1 days. 30.8% of the patients visited a physician during the first month. Low education, lower income, addiction, and living in rural areas were related to the patient delay.   Conclusion: The total time from patients’ first signs or symptoms to doctor visits is comparably high in HNC patients. Public health education must be developed to decrease patient delay and so improve the prognosis of oral cancer treatment.}, Keywords = {Head and Neck cancers, Patient delay, Iran.}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {23-32}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-440-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-440-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Raoufi, Rahim and Hatami, Naser}, title = {The Emergence of the Leptospirosis among Paddy Farmers of Jahrom, South of Iran}, abstract ={Introduction: Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease that affects humans and a wide range of animals including mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians. This disease has a profound impact on the lives of exposed people, such as farmers and ranchers. The aim of this study was to determine the seroepidemiology of Leptospirosis in paddy farmers of Jahrom. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 242 paddy farmers living in different parts of Jahrom city. Samples were randomly selected and 5 cc of blood was collected from each participant. After centrifugation and storage at 20 ° C, serums were tested for the presence of anti-Leptospira IgG. Data analysis was performed by SPSS version 21. Findings: According to the data analysis, seropidemiology of Leptospirosis was 2.5% and there was a significant relationship between age and duration of employment in Rice Farmering with seropidemiology of the disease (P<0.05), but living are was not correlated with seroepidemiological prevalence. Conclusion: This study showed that the prevalence of leptospirosis in paddy farmers of Jahrom city is 2.5%. Given the difference between the results of the present study and similar studies in Iran which may be due to differences in the geographical area and serotype of southern Iran, further studies with other serologic methods such as MAT are recommended.}, Keywords = {Leptospirosis, Jahrom, Paddy farmers.}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {33-40}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-442-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-442-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Eslamian, Ahdieh and Moradi, Azam and Salehi, Azam}, title = {Effectiveness of Compassion Focused Group Therapy on Sleep Quality, Rumination and Resilience of Women in Isfahan City Suffering From Depression in Summer 2018}, abstract ={Introduction: Nowadays, depression is the most common and important psychological disorder all around the world. This study was designated to investigate the efficacy of compassion focused therapy on sleep quality, rumination and resilience in women of Isfahan city suffering from depression.   Methods: This study was a semi-experimental one with pre and post test stages.The study population was all women in Isfahan suffering from depression in summer 2018. We randomly selected our sample by available sampling and applying Beck depression index (BDI-2) on women. Sample size was 20. The sample selected upon BDI-2 were randomly categorized into test and control groups with equal group size. Beck depression index, Pittsburg sleep quality index, Nolen- Hoeksema rumination styles scale and Conor-Davidson resilience questionnaire were the study instruments. We applied 8 sections of group compassion focused therapy for test group. The data were analyzed using MANCOVA test.   Findings: The results showed significant difference between the experimental and control groups in sleep quality variable (P <0/05). But there was no significant difference between these two groups in terms of rumination and resilience.   Conclusion: Compassion focused therapy can improve sleep quality but not rumination and resilience in women suffering from mild to moderate depression.}, Keywords = {: Compassion focused therapy, Sleep quality, Rumination, Resilience, Depression.}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {41-50}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-445-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-445-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Yassaei, Soghra and Ezoddini, Fateme and Sasani, Atefe and Kordi, Somaye}, title = {Cephalometric Association of Mandibular Size/Length to the Natural Head Position}, abstract ={Introduction: to determine the head posture in anterior-posterior skeletal malocclusion caused by mandibular growth problems.   Methods: In this analytical study, Lateral cephalometric images were taken from 66 patients and categorized into three classes of malocclusion, including classes I (n=22), II (n=25) and III (n=19). The collected data was analyzed by SPSS17 software using ANOVA, independent t-test and Kruskal-Wallis.  This study was done in orthodontics department of Dental School, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, in 2017.   Findings: The craniocervical angles were significantly lower in men than women (P <0.05). The OPT/CVT angle, which represents cervical curvature, was significantly lower in men than women (P = 0.001). Regarding to gender and type of malocclusion, craniovertical and craniohorizontal angles were significantly lower in classes II and III male patients than those in class I (P<0.05).   Conclusion: class II men had a tendency to move up their head. On the other hand, class ΙΙΙ male patients turned their head and neck upward despite the forward position of the mandible. The mandibular length may have more effect on the patient's head position than neck position.}, Keywords = {Malocclusion, Cephalometry, Facial, Cranium, Head-Down Tilt.}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {51-62}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-447-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-447-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Naqshbandi, Paywand Safeen and Karim, Muaf Abdulla and Qadir, Dlzar Omer}, title = {A Qualitative Study of the Recent Midwifery Graduates\' Lived Experiences during Transition Period}, abstract ={Introduction: Given the high childbirth rates and demanding environment of maternity wards, newly graduated midwives usually undergo much stress. To prepare such midwives, they are required to participate in a transition period program following their graduation. The current study was aimed at analyzing the lived experiences newly graduated midwives during their transition period in order to come up with a deep understanding of their feelings, concerns, and needs.   Methods: The present qualitative phenomenological study was participated by 15 newly graduated female midwives women who were doing their transition period in Maternity Hospital of Erbil during December to April 2018. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted to collect required data. Van Manen’s method was used to analyze the collected data.   Findings: Data analysis gave way to appearance of two main themes namely “Dilemma of staying in or quitting the midwifery profession” and “Struggle to gain confidence through supportive environment”.   Conclusion: Midwifery department is a stressful environment which can have negative effects on the newly graduated midwives; therefore, they need to be provided with supportive environments, helping such midwives to gain confidence and stay in the profession.}, Keywords = {Newly Graduated Midwives, Lived Experience, Qualitative Study, Van Manen’s Method.}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {63-71}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-448-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-448-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Mogharab, Vahid and Javdani, Farshid and Hatami, Naser and Keshavarz, Pouy}, title = {A Case Report and Review of the Pathophysiologic Role of Corpus Callosum Agenesis in Intraventricular Hemorrhage}, abstract ={The agenesis of corpus callosum (ACC) is referred to a complete or partial defect in the formation of corpus callosum which is a commissure between brain hemispheres. It is a rare disease that can produce a wide range of syndromes and symptoms. We present a case of newborn baby Iranian girl who had agenesis of corpus callosum. Severe atrophy of brain and Intraventricular hemorrhage in the preterm neonate was reported. Dilation of lateral ventricles and third ventricle, as well as moderate hydrocephaly and subdural effusion, were recorded in medical ultrasound studies. The brain CT scan also indicated Intraventricular hemorrhage (grade IV) and severe brain atrophy.}, Keywords = {Agenesis Of Corpus Callosum, Intraventricular Hemorrhage, Brain Atrophy, Birth Defect.}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {72-77}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-441-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-441-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Birant, Sinem and Kasimoglu, Yelda and Cankaya, Abdulkadir Burak and Aksakalli, Nihan and Seymen, Fige}, title = {Peripheral Cemento-Ossifying Fibroma Associated With an Unerupted Tooth}, abstract ={Peripheral cemento-ossifying fibroma (PCOF) is a relatively rare tumor classified between fibro-osseous lesions. This lesion is more common in the maxilla than the mandibula. About 60% of the tumors occur in the maxilla and also more than 50% of all lesions affect the anterior region of the maxilla. The management of a pediatric patient with PCOF requires early diagnosis and treatment. Appropriate treatment protocol with close post-operative follow-up is required for these patients. We report here, the clinical case of a 9-year-old girl, with the disease duration of 1 year and was followed-up for 2 years post-surgically showing gingival health, normal radio-opacity of bone without any recurrence.}, Keywords = {Fibro-Osseous Lesion, Oral Tumors, Peripheral Cemento-Ossifying Fibroma, Pyogenic Granuloma.}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {78-84}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-443-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-443-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {ShayestehAzar, Masoud and Kariminasab, Mohammad Hossein and Ghaffari, Salman and Mahmoudi, Mani and Kazemi, Abolfazl and ShayestehAzar, Shadi}, title = {Management of Rolando and Bennett Fractures Treatment with Pin and Plaster (A New Technique)}, abstract ={Intra-articular fractures of Thumb are the most common fractures occurred in children and elderly; divided into Bennett & Rolando fractures. The purpose of this article is to introduce new approach for these fractures. In this approach, after pre-surgery techniques; a 1.5-2 mm pin is placed in the proximal distal phalanx. Next, the best reduction is achieved by imposing pulling through the pin and rotating motion under C-Arm. Short forearm cast is then used after that cast changing to thumb Spica cast and the pin is incorporated in the cast, the position of thumb during casting in abduction and pronation depends on the reduction under C-Arm. After the operation, the reduction is controlled by radiography. Within 4-6 weeks, the cast is removed, the pin is taken out, and active and passive joint movements begin. In this study, we introduce our technique used in the management of 4 cases. The results were found to be promising, with an excellent range of motion. In spite of controversial choice of treatments, we recommend this method as a cost-benefited, acceptable and applicable method for patients and physicians.}, Keywords = {Rolando Fractures, Bennett, Treatment, Pin And Plaster.}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {85-90}, publisher = { International Journal of Medical Investigation}, url = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-444-en.html}, eprint = {http://intjmi.com/article-1-444-en.pdf}, journal = {International Journal of Medical Investigation}, issn = {2322-2913}, eissn = {2345-640x}, year = {2019} }